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主题:【原创】2007年中国足球的进步 -- 毛锥子

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家园 足球应该是有氧运动

对于短时间的运动(像百米赛跑、跳高、跳远、举重等等),肌肉在很短时间内需要充足的ATP,所以,这时的代谢大多是以无氧代谢为主。对于较长时间的运动(长跑、马拉松、划船、有氧操等等),肌肉在较长时间内需要大量的ATP,所以这时的代谢大多是有氧代谢。但是实际上,有氧和无氧是相互制约又相互滋生的关系,代谢中不可能只有“无氧代谢”而没有“有氧代谢”、或则只有“有氧代谢”而没有“无氧代谢”,而是“有氧”、“无氧”同时存在,混合供能,只是以哪一个为主罢了。这也就是这几年学术界对有氧、无氧运动争论较多,改变观点的原因之一。

另外,我的数据来自文献,这是基于专业运动员的统计,所谓的高水平比赛。

Soccer: Physiology and Training

Donald T. Kirkendall

Department of Health, Physical Education,

The physical demands of the game have been described using time-motion analysis; video recording of movement patterns in top class soccer. Professional players typically cover around 10 km during the course of a game. The intensities are usually listed as walking (25% of the total distance), jogging (37%), sprinting (11%), backing (6%) and cruising ("running with manifest purpose and effort" 20%).

你所说的有氧,无氧主要是指

Heart rate has been measured during game conditions on numerous occasions. Typically, heart rate is consistently above 150 with rates above 85% of maximum for up to two-thirds of the game. Given the nature of the game, this could correspond to an aerobic requirement of +80% of VO2 max. This demand seems to hold regardless of the professional division (highest to lowest).

aerobic - 有氧

另外,中国足协只是做了应该由普通俱乐部应该做的事情。

http://physiotherapy.curtin.edu.au/resources/educational-resources/exphys/99/soccer.cfm

During the preseason period, players normally do fitness testing in order to determine each player’s physiological condition. From the results of the testing, the coaches can identify the strengths and weaknesses of the players and train them accordingly. Appropriate testing should be specific and reliable enough to reflect the actual status of the fitness of the soccer players. In this context, the features of the soccer game and related physiological testing will be discussed.

Aerobic Testing Procedures

Aerobic fitness is dependent on and limited by the body’s ability to deliver oxygen to the working muscles. The heart, lungs, blood, circulatory system, and working muscles are factors in determining one’s aerobic fitness. Aerobic fitness is important as the soccer players have to cover the total distance around 10km, and 35.1% of the total player time in a game consists of low intensity running.

Estimation of Aerobic Capacity

VO2max can be determined from either maximal or submaximal exercise testing. At maximal exercise level, VO2max is measured directly from expired gases or estimated from exercise intensity. In the laboratory, VO2max can be estimated from treadmill and cycle ergometer performance and heart rate response to the exercise. Field tests can also be conducted to determine the aerobic capacity in football players Grant et al (1995) compared different field test results (Cooper's 12 minute run test, Multistage shuttle run test) with a maximal treadmill test. Results showed high correlations, with coefficients for the Cooper test and Multistage shuttle run test of 0.92 and 0.86 respectively. As football requires frequent change of direction during running, the Multistage shuttle run test may be a more specific test.

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