主题：【整理】【讨论】回顾九兵团长津湖之役兼与诸友商榷(1) -- 虎王2006

http://www.cchere.com/article/3614048

回归正题：光年兄在战略层面提出了一些很有意思的想法.麦大帅虽然爱做秀,但是他的仁川左勾拳是正打在老金的腰眼上,把他揍趴下的.之后元山登陆十军团又是一个右勾拳,准备圣诞节完成战役,解决朝鲜全境,孩儿们回家过年.阿尔蒙得已在11月飞到过先遣部队最前出的地域:鸭录江边.他们当时的态势,基本上倒没有东线迂回包抄的概念,因为麦大帅以下并不觉得会遭到有足够力量的中国军队的抵抗.他们基本上是一线平推,调度好各部间协调,补好战线空隙,看住彼此的侧翼,钢铁洪流推到江边,封闭朝鲜全境,再说.

但是他们在拥有压倒空地火力优势的条件下终于做不到,不仅做不到,还被推了回去.

我曾经跟父亲提起过:既然当时九兵团那么严重的减员,那么疲惫,而我见到的材料说当时陆一师等单位还颇可一战,那他们再压过来反攻,你们不就玄了?父亲很肯定的说:他们绝不可能那么打.这是基于己于他当时在战地的现场感觉.

我没有可能拥有那种第一手的现场感,只好从文档资料里找感觉.有关的正史资料大家都很熟悉，各自主观看问题的角度不同，解读就很不一样，讨论得已很多了。在美的河友比如本人，读到过的有关通俗历史书籍很不少，往往洋溢着对于陆战队的赞美之词，其实有颇浓重的宣传味儿，看的时候是得长个心眼的。这些感觉类似我们的稗官野史，多半出于当年连排级军官之手，或者热心军史以及人物传记写手的采编。最近O.P.Smith的孙女写了本爷爷的战斗历程，浓墨重彩专章讲述长津湖，引用了当时Smith给陆战队司令的信以及其他的私信(她有条件翻看爷爷的私人档案)，很有意思，颇可一观，约三十块钱左右，在亚马孙卖得还不错。

而陆战队的公关与文宣是非常之棒的。当然另一方面是他们当年确实比较硬气，打起仗来比同样条件下的陆军部队顽强得多。这样的结果，是陆战队无数次顶住了被海军吞掉的命运，成为全球军队里陆战队独立成为一个军种的唯一例子。看征兵广告，陆战队的那个好似电玩游戏里的古老骑士，军礼服纤尘不染，目光坚定帅气，30秒广告的结束镜头，是擘出闪亮军刀，秀在面前，画外音“JOIN THE MARINE!"--可以令后生小子们心跳眼热。

有关陆战队长津湖过5关斩6将的传奇故事里，Major Gen. Smith(陆一师师长)跟Major Gen. Almond的不对付，是颇为著名的。在通俗演义里史密斯是红脸武生，好汉，阿尔蒙德是白鼻子丑角。我找了找，史密斯跟阿尔蒙德分别有个人访谈。把两人自己的话放在一起看，很有意思。我先贴上来，后面再找时间翻译，评注一下：

http://www.chosinreservoir.com/smithinterview.htm

http://www.chosinreservoir.com/almondcomments.htm

http://www.chosinreservoir.com/almondinterview.htm

此二人的回忆,对于重构我所寻找的现场感非常有用.准备择其有意思的段子贴来共享.

这几段是史密斯师长在谈论抢运伤员的时候，狠踩陆军的段子：

What we were working on first were these Army casualties from this over-run Task Force Faith, you see.

(史密斯说)我们先撤的是那个陆军被打垮了的费斯特遣队(31RCT)的伤兵。

Q: They were in bad shape?

他们的状况很糟糕吗?

史密斯：我想有些运出去的伙计伤得并不太重。他们中有些人只不过冻伤了几根手指，类似程度的轻伤而已。这伙小丑们是这么干的：他们会跑到临时机场，弄条毯子，找个担架躺着，再哼哼几声；陆战队员们就会被忽有了把他们抬上飞机。医生找着我，说他气坏了，因为他知道他有很多重伤员需要被空运走，他知道有多少后送了(该送没送的有不少)。好些伤势不重的被送走了。这大概是我们的错吧，因为空军派了个撤退协调官，医生就假设他会把关，让该撤的伤员上飞机，但那不是他的活儿，他就管飞机调度，完全不管谁该上飞机。(医生发飙)这事儿以后，有撤退票的才可以上飞机，没票的谁也不能走，连我都不行。飞走的必须有票证明他确实需要走。

Smith: I'm afraid that some got out that weren't in too bad shape. What these jokers would do, some of them might have frostbitten fingers, something like that. They would go down to the strip and get a blanket and a stretcher and the groan a bit; the corpsmen would come along and put them on a plane. The doctor came to me and he was fit to be tied because he knew how many seriously wounded he had that should be evacuated, and he knew how many had gone out by air, and it just didn't make sense. Somebody was getting out of there who wasn't seriously hurt. It was our fault probably, because the Air Force had sent up what they called an Evacuation Officer, and the doctor assumed that the Evacuation Officer would see that the proper people got aboard the planes, but that was not his function at all; he was just thinking in terms of planes, not on what was flown on the planes. After that I couldn't have gotten aboard a plane without a ticket. Nobody after that got on any plane without a ticket that showed that he was due to get out.

问：有没有陆战队员玩这套把戏?(装重伤员被后送)

Q: Were any of the Marines trying to pull that stuff?

史密斯：我认为没有。他们有医生证明才会撤，而他们是有战斗精神的。我确信陆战队员没有那么干的。那些陆军的伙计真是够折腾人的--他们跟丢了魂一样。我们尽量帮他们的忙。我们得空运进来武器把他们重新武装起来。他们把自己的所有武器都扔了。我让陆军的安德森中校指挥他们。他们不愿意自己搭帐篷--他们觉得该由我们来照顾他们，给他们开饭，给他们支帐篷。

Smith: I don't think so, because they were certified by the doctors and they had spirit. I am sure no Marines. I had quite a time with those Army people - they had no spirit. We tried to help them out as best we could. We had to fly in weapons to re- arm them. They'd thrown away all their weapons. I put LtCol Anderson (of the Army) in command of them. They didn't want to put up tents - they felt it was up to us to take care of them, feed them, and put up tents for them.

我们让他们打消了这个念头(靠陆战队包办照顾他们)。我们后来收编了他们385人(SALVAGED一词刻薄，废物利用的意思)。我估摸着，他们费斯特遣队在那儿有两千八百人。有一些陆军部队留在了下竭隅里，但是费斯特遣队，或者说麦克兰特遣队，麦克兰是他们先前领队的上校，有两千八百人。我们救下了他们大约九百伤员。我们又收编了约385人，所以有约一千两百人阵亡，被俘，或者类似的结局。那385人我们把他们跟留在下竭隅里的陆军人员一起，编成了一个临时营。他们就跟着我们走。我把他们配属利兹伯格(陆战七团团长)，他们可悲催极了。利兹伯格给他们警戒左翼的任务，让他们跟着行军纵队走；当中国军队开火的时候，他们居然穿越行军纵队，跑到另一侧去，没命的逃窜。哦，安德森还算条汉子，他还试着把他们管束住把他们叫回来。利兹伯格不得不派他的一个正规营来顶上逃散的陆军的位置。安德森后来要提请处分溃兵里的一些军官。我听说后来安德森进了东京的一家精神病医院。

We disabused them of that idea. We eventually salvaged 385 of them. As near as I can make out, that Task Force (Faith) had 2,800 men when they went up there. There were a few Army troops that were left in Hagaru-ri but as near as I can make out, 2,800 were in Task Force Faith or in Task Force McLean, the first colonel, and we evacuated 900 of them. We salvaged 385, so there must have been over 1,200 killed, captured, or what have you. The 385 we joined to what Army troops we had in Hagaru-ri and made a provisional battalion. They marched out with us. I attached them to Litzenberg, and they were pitiful. Litzenberg gave them the job of guarding the left flank, to march along the column; and when the Chinese opened up, they simply went through the column to the other side and took off. Well, Anderson was a pretty good fellow; he tried to get them under control and get them back. Litzenberg had to take on of the regular battalions to send up there to take over. Anderson brought charges later against some of the officers. According to the word I got later he was put in a psychiatric hospital in Tokyo.

Q: Anderson was?

Smith: Yes, and they never did anything about his charges. That's the story I got. I forget who told it to me - maybe Litzenberg. But they came on out with us. I am afraid that some of those 900 Army troops which were evacuated shouldn't have gone out, because over in Tokyo GHQ looked over some of those cases that were coming into the hospitals with only minor frostbite. And GHQ sent over a directive, which Adm. Joy never sent to me - sent it to Adm. Joy for the Marine Corps and to the Army for the Army troops - stating that there was a lack of leadership, because there shouldn't have been this frostbite if there had been good leadership. That made me mad as a hatter. Of course, Adm. Joy swept it under the rug. He didn't's send the thing on, but I heard about it and I wrote Gen. Cates. i said, this just didn't make sense at all. "What are you going to do? Here I have just given a silver star to a sergeant who pulled off his mittens in order to heave a grenade and he got frostbitten fingers. Are you going to court-martial that man for not taking proper precautions against frostbite? Are you going to court martial his battalion commander, his regimental commander, his division commander?" Silverthorne wrote me a letter and said, "Don't worry about it." By that time my senior medical officer had been detached and came back to Washington, and he had gone around talking to a few people and saying, "We know the score." The Army was much upset about it, he said, but as far as the Marine Corps was concerned they took things in their stride.

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