主题：【每一个轻率的结论，都是以武汉人生命为代价】 -- 方平

Authoritarianism, outbreaks, and information politics

体制优势的一方面就不赘述了，对于open media的作用和local official的动机：

“Governments in closed political systems, without open media and opposition parties, struggle to receive accurate information in a timely manner and to convey urgent information to the public. Governments can be the victims of their own propaganda, because the country's political institutions provide incentives to local officials to avoid sharing bad news with their central bosses and await instructions before acting.”

“Without open media and an opposition to check on bureaucratic hierarchy, knowledge from the front lines of the 2019-nCoV outbreak did not reach Beijing. Weeks into the outbreak, leaders were forced to publicly threaten that officials withholding information “will be nailed on the pillar of shame for eternity”.”

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(20)30030-X/fulltext