主题：对《2022年美国竞争法案》的分析（一） -- 笑看风雨

The House will consider H.R. 4521, the America Creating Opportunities for Manufacturing Pre-Eminence in Technology and Economic Strength (America COMPETES) Act of 2022 – a bold legislative package that makes transformational new investments in research, innovation and American manufacturing that will ensure that America can outcompete any nation in the world, now and for decades to come. The package will accelerate U.S. production of critical semiconductor chips, strengthen the supply chain to make more goods in America, turbocharge our research capacity to lead the technologies of the future, and advance our global competitiveness, while supporting strong labor standards and human rights, among other key provisions.

众议院将讨论并表决 H.R. 4521，即《2022 年美国为制造业在技术和经济实力方面的卓越创造机会（美国竞争）法案》——一项大胆的立法方案，对研究、创新和美国制造业进行转变性的新投资，以确保美国无论现在还是未来几十年，都可以胜过世界上任何一个国家。 该一揽子计划将加速美国关键半导体芯片的生产，加强供应链以在美国生产更多商品，增强我们引领未来技术的研究能力，提升我们的全球竞争力，同时支持强有力的劳工标准和人权，及其他关键条款。

The legislation reflects bipartisan work across committees: its major components include many bills that have already passed the House by strong bipartisan votes or have bipartisan cosponsors.

该立法反映了跨委员会的两党工作：其主要组成部分包括许多已经通过两党强有力的投票通过众议院或有两党共同提案国的法案。

Semiconductors are essential to our national security and our economic competitiveness – but over the past 30 years the United States’ share of global semiconductor manufacturing has significantly decreased, putting our national and economic security at risk. The America COMPETES Act of 2022 appropriates $52 billion for the CHIPS for America Act – critical investments to support continued American technological leadership in semiconductor fabrication, address supply chain disruptions and ensure more semiconductors are produced here at home.

半导体对我们的国家安全和经济竞争力至关重要——但在过去 30 年中，美国在全球半导体制造业中的份额显着下降，使我们的国家和经济安全面临风险。 《2022 年美国竞争法案》为 《CHIPS for America 》法案拨款 520 亿美元，这是支持美国在半导体制造方面继续保持技术领先地位、解决供应链中断并确保在国内生产更多半导体的关键投资。

• In December 2020, Congress enacted the landmark CHIPS Act to help rebuild U.S. semiconductor manufacturing capacity and to advance U.S. semiconductor research and innovation, through new partnerships among industry, Federal science agencies, National Labs and academia.

• The America COMPETES Act of 2022 provides urgently needed funding to the R&D programs authorized in the CHIPS Act, including funding to stand up the National Semiconductor Technology Center, expand semiconductor manufacturing R&D under the Manufacturing USA Program, and establish an advanced packaging R&D program.

• This bill provides substantial financial assistance to incentivize investment in facilities and equipment for semiconductor fabrication, assembly, testing, advanced packaging, and research and development.

o The financial assistance may be used for the construction, expansion or modernization of semiconductor facilities, support workforce development, and pay the reasonable costs of operating a semiconductor facility.

• It invests $2 billion to support critical components in the production of many automobiles, consumer electronics and defense systems.

• 2020 年 12 月，国会颁布了具有里程碑意义的 CHIPS 法案，通过工业界、联邦科学机构、国家实验室和学术界之间的新伙伴关系，帮助重建美国半导体制造能力并推动美国半导体研究和创新。

• 2022 年美国竞争法案为 CHIPS 法案授权的研发计划提供了急需的资金，包括资助建立国家半导体技术中心、扩大美国制造计划下的半导体制造研发，以及建立先进封装研发计划。

• 该法案提供大量财政援助，以激励对半导体制造、组装、测试、先进封装和研发的设施和设备的投资。

o 财政援助可用于半导体设施的建设、扩建或现代化，支持劳动力发展，并支付运营半导体设施的合理成本。

• 它投资20 亿美元支持生产许多汽车、消费电子产品和国防系统的关键部件。

DIVISION B: Research & Innovation

The America COMPETES Act of 2022 includes a suite of bipartisan science, innovative and technology bills led by: the National Science Foundation for the Future Act, the Department of Energy Office of Science for the Future Act, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the Future Act as well as several provisions to strengthen and expand our nation’s STEM workforce to better represent the diversity of our nation.

B 部分：研究与创新

《2022 年美国竞争法案》包括一系列由两党主导的科学、创新和技术法案：《国家科学基金会未来法案》、《能源部未来科学办公室法案》和《国家标准与技术研究所未来法案》以及加强和扩大我们国家的 STEM 劳动力以更好地代表我们国家的多样性的几项规定。

• Supporting Early-Career Researchers: Establishes a two-year pilot program within the NSF to support early career scientists to conduct research at the institution of their choice.

• National Science and Technology Strategy: Directs the Office of Science and Technology Policy to complete a comprehensive quadrennial review of the nation’s innovation landscape enabling a cross-cutting national science and technology strategy.

• Energizing Technology Transfer Act: Allows universities and private sector companies the opportunity to capitalize on the Department of Energy’s research to accelerate the commercial application of clean energy technologies.

• Regional Innovation Act: Establishes a regional technology and innovation hub program at the Department of Commerce – incentivizing collaborative partnerships between local governments, colleges and universities, private industry, non-profits and community organizations to promote and support regional technology and innovation hubs.

• Microelectronics Research for Energy Innovation: Requires the Department of Energy to establish a program on the development, demonstration and commercial application of microelectronics to drive the nation’s global competitiveness in the field of microelectronics. Establishes up to four Microelectronic Science Research Centers to conduct mission driven research to address foundational challenges in the design, development and fabrication of microelectronics to facilitate the translation of research results to industry.

• 支持早期职业研究人员：在 NSF 内建立一个为期两年的试点计划，以支持早期职业科学家在他们选择的机构进行研究。

• 国家科技战略：指导科技政策办公室完成对国家创新格局的四年期全面审查，以制定跨领域的国家科技战略。

• 《促进技术转让法案》：允许大学和私营企业有机会利用能源部的研究来加速清洁能源技术的商业应用。

• 《区域创新法》：在商务部建立区域技术和创新中心计划——激励地方政府、学院和大学、私营企业、非营利组织和社区组织之间的合作伙伴关系，以促进和支持区域技术和创新中心。

• 能源创新微电子研究：要求能源部建立微电子开发、示范和商业应用计划，以推动国家在微电子领域的全球竞争力。建立多达四个微电子科学研究中心来开展任务驱动的研究，以解决微电子设计、开发和制造中的基本挑战，以促进将研究成果转化为工业。