主题：【原创】【闲聊】也说李陵 -- 任爱杰

而在于投降后主动（！）资敌到了令人发指的程度，并且杀戮忠臣同胞，你说的“比李陵还好点”以偏概全。意气之争请勿再继续了，没意义。

某有此事不明。其次，请问你不满的到底是同情李陵，认为李陵委屈，还是“非要把给他立牌坊，非要把李陵弄成好汉的样子”？如果是前者，那么应该证明李陵不值得同情，李陵完完全全就是个人中之渣，刘彻的一切决定都是英明的。但不要把它跟“非要把给他立牌坊，非要把李陵弄成好汉的样子”强放到一起，这里同情李陵的大多数人并不是这样认为。如果是后者，那更是搞错了批评的对象。

我反复说了，李陵叛变后虽然没有立刻为匈奴练兵领兵，但是为匈奴出谋划策是没少干的。匈奴把公主嫁给他，封他为右校王，他参政商议大事，这都是铁板钉钉的事。也不是汉武帝杀了他全家后才发生的。这和洪承畴所为有何区别？而洪承畴后来领兵灭明，李陵也领兵攻击汉军。有很大区别吗？只不过洪承畴成功，危害大。李陵没有成功，危害小罢了。

李广家族是跟皇室有关系，可是比较不巧的是是跟太子而不是皇帝本人有直接婚姻，而太子……

太子是将来的皇帝。一朝天子一朝臣。太子也是要有自己的班底的。太子娶谁并不是太子能说了算的。汉武帝点头让儿子娶李广的孙女，总是权衡过利弊的。

问题是李禹过于嚣张跋扈。汉武帝当然是看不惯的（可能还有讨厌同性恋的因素在内？）。汉武帝也多次想杀李禹没杀成。而杀李禹恐怕还是为了儿子好。

至于后来的事，其实谁也说不清。而在那时，李陵早投降匈奴多少年了。

李陵汉武帝都在不同的时期作了和自己身份地位以及感情相当的决定，每个人都作了自己认为是对的，最能宣泄自己的感情的事情罢了。

你说的苏武，文天祥也是做了自己认为对的事情罢了，你认为他们是对了，没错。我也认为他们是对的，他们坚持了自己的信仰，可以这么始终如一的对一个信仰身体力行是很值得羡慕的。他们也是男人，军人就不好说了，这两个人毕竟都不是职业的军人，但是也可以勉强算吧。中国这么大，我们的男人就只能有一种吗？军人只能是打胜仗吗？

我对他们肯定不是建立在对李陵否定的基础上的，他们做了自己认为自己该做的事情，李陵也是做了自己该做的事情如此而已，这件事情上没有谁对谁错，孰优孰劣。忠于国家民族是值得称赞的，忠于自己的感情，爱护自己的家庭也不能说可耻吧。你一定要把这两者，以及苏武，文天祥和李陵对立起来这个我很难理解，我们也许应该对不同的选择更宽容一些。难道非得要舍生取义吗？坚持这样的思想是我们的骄傲还是伤痛，我们是可悲哪？还是可笑？

如果你到了今天，还不能理解李陵当时的情况非得要说他是汉奸小人，那么这个标准太过苛刻了。

我不同意你的是一味的抢占道德高点，对李陵后来的行为不加分析的谴责，他所作所为都是有前因后果的，不适用小人，汉奸，等侮辱性极强的评语。

到底干了什么？仅仅凭他受匈奴的良好待遇？那时的匈奴重视汉地过来的人才，给予厚遇并不奇怪，仅凭匈奴人对他的重用就足以证明他一定“做了什么”么？而且让我觉得矛盾的是，前面你又似曾说过李陵乃至他爷爷实际“并无什么了不起”，而且李陵还是“怯懦之小人”，既如此，为何匈奴又厚遇之？匈奴让他做的可并不是什么情报工作或者带路工作，匈奴为何敢如此信任他，真的是因为他“做了什么”而不是因为他的才能和其他优点？洪承畴主动为满清作了那么多，最后并不被重用，反被列入“贰臣传”，这又当如何？

除了那还不怎么靠谱的“三万追击”，还有什么别的他给汉造成危害的，“切实的”证据？此外，还请注意，浚稽山，蒲奴水在什么地方，李陵有没有主动带领胡军侵入汉境？洪逆承畴不但泄露了明朝的绝密作战计划，直接破坏明的战略计划，更主动建议清军图谋中原，带领清军入关，这个区别是质的区别而不是量的区别，恐怕没什么“只不过”。

另，关于时间顺序，《汉书》原文如下：

“陵在匈奴岁余，上遣因杅将军公孙敖将兵深入匈奴迎陵。敖军无功还，曰：“捕得生口，言李陵教单于为兵以备汉军，故臣无所得。”上闻，于是族陵家，母弟妻子皆伏诛。陇西士大夫以李氏为愧。其后，汉遣使使匈奴，陵谓使者曰：“吾为汉将步卒五千人横行匈奴，以亡救而败，何负于汉而诛吾家？”使者曰：“汉闻李少卿教匈奴为兵。”陵曰：“乃李绪，非我也。”李绪本汉塞外都尉，居奚侯城，匈奴攻之，绪降，而单于客遇绪，常坐陵上。陵痛其家以李绪而诛，使人刺杀绪。大阏氏欲杀陵，单于匿之北方，大阏氏死乃还。单于壮陵，以女妻之，立为右校王，……”

此外浚稽山之战当在征和二年，李陵投降后已经9年。（见于《汉书·匈奴传上》）

因此，“也不是汉武帝杀了他全家后才发生的”这个论断是错误的。

一个，罪行之大小，很多时候就是以是否造成重大损失为依据的。

另一个，没有造成重大损失，说明投降之人或许并非全心为对方出力，尤其是李陵刚投降，而武帝未灭其全族之时。

汉武帝没有在一开始就杀李陵全家，甚至派人想夺其回来，应该就是基于以上几点考虑，也说明李陵阵前被俘或投降，即便在当时的规则看，罪不至灭族，也就是说此后果并非其行为应该承担的后果，但后来由于错误的情报武帝灭其家族，或许说武帝情有可原，但是由于其重大后果，汉室和李陵可说恩断义绝，而且结下血海深仇，此后李陵就是全力助匈奴，亦情有可原，何况从各种史实来看并非如此。

洪承畴完全没有这个情节，明朝于洪承畴只有恩义，没有血仇。

文天祥则为文人出身的军人英雄。

同情李陵，并不意味着要贬低苏武和文天祥，如果谁要这样做，恐怕李陵也是不会答应的

投降是否值得谴责，个人觉得还是和生产力水平以及战争方式有关。当然，在敌对的两国间而非内战的时候并一方没有全面崩溃时，即战俘不存在大批量快速吸收的可能性的时候。

可以接受的投降的前提有两点，1个人或者小集团的投降不会给战局带来全局性的影响，投降所保全的生命多于因投降而牺牲的生命。2，投降的结果不至于到生不如死的情况。

在人数是战斗力的主要依据的时候，投降应该是可以被谴责的，它及其影响会使战斗力严重下降。而在人数作用日益下降的时候，决死一战的重要性也在下降。而对于敌方，在人数作用不明显并且己方生命维护需要资源充足的时候，接受投降保留战俘才是值得的。穷人的战争方式里，投降是负面影响明显而不能提倡的，而富人的战争方式中，投降则是不该被否定的。

尽管乃也有“就”的意思，但一般不用在并列复合句中，在这样的句式结构中一般的意思是“才”。所以应该理解成，李驻在其封地，只有在有大事的情况下才前往单于王庭议事。从这个根本不能推断出李“为匈奴出谋划策是没少干的”。再者，他根本没教单于用兵，那他还能为单于进攻汉朝出多大程度的力？

“三万人追击战”可不是他单独领兵的，另有“匈奴大将”在，这事本身记载极其简略，到底李陵扮演了个什么角色，可能要把那个匈奴大将从地下挖起来才能知道了。李陵真要是下决心与汉朝为敌，为何又只参与了这一场仗？

别忘了还有那位“匈奴大将”在，其次李陵真要是真心与汉朝为敌，决不可能只打那一场仗。

以下内容是我5年前收集的，但最近才翻出来（否则早忘了）。内容挺有意思，但不知道其内容是不是真的，请大家（尤其是高手们）鉴别一下：

《美军士兵行为守则》

来源：　http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Quarters/9283/page25.html

这个看起来是美军新兵训练资料。　最后还附有习题。个别翻译可能不准确，请对照英文理解。

Code of Conduct

行为守则

As a member of the armed forces of the United States, you are protecting your nation. It is your duty to oppose all enemies of the United States in combat or, if a captive, in a prisoners of war compound. Your behavior is guided by the Code of Conduct, which has evolved from the heroic lives, experiences and deeds of Americans from Revolutionary War to the Southeast Asian Conflict.

作为美国武装部队的一员，在战场上，或被俘在战俘营里反对美国的敌人是你的责任。你的行为受到本行为准则的约束。本准则是从自独立战争到东南亚冲突中的美国英雄的事迹，经历演化而来的。

Your obligations as a U.S. citizen and a member of the armed forces result from the traditional values that underlie the American experience as a nation. These values are best expressed in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, which you have sworn to uphold and defend. You would have these obligations-to your country, your service and unit and your fellow Americans-even if the Code of Conduct had never been formulated as a high standard of general behavior.

你作为美国公民及军人的责任来源于隐含在美国作为一个国家的经历之中的传统价值。你所发誓捍卫及保护的美国宪法及权利法案最好的表达了这些价值观。你对你的国家，你的部队，你的同胞负有这些义务，即使本行为准则从来没有确定为普通大众的行为（高）标准。

Just as you have a responsibility to your country under the Code of Conduct, the United States government has an equal responsibility always to keep faith with you and stand by you as you fight for your country. If you are unfortunate enough to become a prisoner of war, you may rest assured that your government will care for your dependents and will never forget you. Furthermore, the government will use every practical means to contact, support and gain release for you and for all other prisoners of war. To live up to the code, you must know not only its words but the ideas and principles behind those words.

就像本行为准则所规定的你对国家负有义务，美国政府具有同等的义务来保持你的信心并和你一起为美国战斗。如果你不幸成为战俘，你可以放心政府将照顾你的家属并永远不会忘记你。

政府将用各种方式联系，支援，促成你和所有战俘的获释。为了遵守本守则，你不仅需要了解字面意思，并要求了解这些字眼所表达的思想和原则。

The Code of Conduct is an ethical guide. Its six articles deal with your chief concerns as an American in combat; these concerns become critical when you must evade capture, resist while a prisoner or escape from the enemy.

本行为准则是一个道德指引。他的６项条款将回答了你作为一个在战场上的美国人的主要疑虑；这些疑虑在你必须摆脱被俘，或作为战俘试图逃脱时将会非常关键。

Experiences of captured Americans reveal that to survive captivity honorably would demand from you great courage, deep dedication and high motivation. To sustain these personal values throughout captivity requires that you understand and believe strongly in our free and democratic institutions, love your country, trust in the justice of our cause, keep faithful and loyal to your fellow prisoners and hold firmly to your religious and moral beliefs in time of trial.

美国战俘的经历显示了要作为一个战俘有尊严从战俘生活生存下来需要巨大的勇气，奉献，和高度的主动性。在战俘生活中保持这些价值观需要你强烈的理解和相信我们的自由和民主，热爱你的国家，相信我们的事业是正义的，对你的战俘同伴保持信任和忠诚，在时间的考验中牢牢的坚守你的宗教和道德信仰。

Your courage, dedication and motivation supported by understanding, trust and fidelity will help you endure the terrors of captivity, prevail over your captors and return to your family, home and nation with honor and pride.

你的理解，信任及忠诚将使你更有勇气，奉献和主动性，它们将帮助你忍受被俘的恐惧，战胜你的捕获者并光荣和自豪地回到你的家人和祖国身边。

CODE OF CONDUCT I

I AM AN AMERICAN FIGHTING IN THE FORCES THAT GUARD MY COUNTRY AND OUR WAY OF LIFE, I AM PREPARED TO GIVE MY LIFE IN THEIR DEFENSE

１。　第一条：　我是在军中作战保护我的国家以及我的生活方式。我准备为保护我的国家献出生命。

All men and women in the armed forces have the duty at all times and under all circumstances to oppose the enemies of the United States and support its national interests. In training or in combat, alone or with others, while evading capture or enduring captivity, this duty belongs to each American defending our nation regardless of circumstances.

CODE OF CONDUCT II

所有男女军人不论何时何地都有责任反击美国的敌人，保护美国的国家利益。不论在训练和战斗中，独自或成建制，被敌人追捕或已经被俘，不论何种情况，每个保护我们国家的美国人都有这种责任。

I WILL NEVER SURRENDER OF MY OWN FREE WILL. IF IN COMMAND, I WILL NEVER SURRENDER THE MEMBERS OF MY COMMAND WHILE THEY STILL HAVE THE MEANS TO RESIST

第二条：　我将永远不屈服（投降）。如果我是指挥官，当我的下属依然有手段抵抗时，我将永远不（率领）它们投降。

As an individual, a member of the armed forces may never voluntarily surrender. When isolated and no longer able to inflict casualties on the enemy, the American soldier has an obligation to evade capture and rejoin friendly forces.

解释：作为个人，武装部队的一员将永远不能志愿投降。当处在孤立状态，不可能导致敌人伤亡时，　美国士兵有义务尽量逃脱敌人返回部队或友军。

Only when evasion by an individual is impossible and further fighting would lead only to death with no significant loss to the enemy should one consider surrender. With all reasonable means of resistance exhausted and with certain death the only alternative, capture does not simply dishonor.

解释：　只有（对个人）逃脱不可能而且进一步的反抗只能导致死亡而对敌人没有显著损失的时候才能考虑投降。当所有可能的抵抗手段都耗尽，而死亡是唯一的结局时，　被俘不是耻辱。

The responsibility and authority of a commander never extends to the surrender of a command to the enemy while the command has the power to fight and evade. When isolated, cut off or surrounded, a unit must continue to fight until relieved or able to rejoin friendly forces through continued efforts to break out or evade the enemy.

解释：　当下属依然有能力战斗及摆脱敌人时，一个指挥官永远没有指挥下属向敌人投降的责任和权利。当（部队）被孤立，隔断或包围时，部队必须继续战斗努力突围，摆脱敌人，直到被救援或加入友军。

CODE OF CONDUCT III

第三条

IF I AM CAPTURED I WILL CONTINUE TO RESIST BY ALL MEANS AVAILABLE. I WILL MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO ESCAPE AND AID OTHERS TO ESCAPE. I WILL ACCEPT NEITHER PAROLE NOR SPECIAL FAVORS FROM THE ENEMY.

３。　如果我被俘，　我将继续尽可能地抵抗。我会竭尽全力逃脱并帮助他人逃脱。我不会接受敌人的任何利诱和任何特殊待遇。

The duty of a member of the armed forces to use all means available to resist the enemy is not lessened by the misfortune of captivity. A POW is still legally bound by the Uniform Code of Military Justice and ethically guided by the Code of Conduct. Under provisions of the Geneva Convention, a prisoner of war is also subject to certain rules imposed by the captor nation. When repatriated, a prisoner of war will not be condemned for having obeyed reasonable captor rules, such as sanitation regulations.

解释：　武装部队成员有责任用各种方式抵抗敌人，这种责任并不因为不幸被俘而减弱。战俘依然受军法约束，以及军人守则的道德指导。根据日内瓦公约，　战俘也受到某些捕获方的规定约束。当被遣返时，　战俘不会因为遵守敌方的合理规定而被追究责任，比如卫生方面的规定。

The duty of a member of the armed forces to continue to resist does not mean a prisoner should engage in unreasonable harassment as a form of resistance. Retaliation by captors to the detriment of that prisoner and other prisoners is frequently the primary reason of such harassment.

军人继续抵抗的义务不意味着战俘应该从事任何不合理的对敌方的骚扰。敌方对战俘的报复通常是导致这种骚扰的原因。

The Geneva Convention recognizes that a POW may have the duty to attempt escape. In fact, the Geneva Convention prohibits a captor nation from executing a POW simply for attempting escape. Under the authority of the senior official (often called the senior ranking officer, or SRO), a POW must be prepared to escape whenever the opportunity presents itself. In a POW compound, the senior POW must consider the welfare of those remaining behind after an escape. However, as a matter of conscious determination, a POW must plan to escape, try to escape and assist other to escape.

日内瓦协议承认战俘有逃脱的义务，并禁止敌方处决仅仅尝试逃跑的战俘。在上级军官的指挥下，战俘必须准备利用任何机会逃脱。军官必须考虑逃脱后那些未能逃脱的战俘的利益。但是作为良心的决定，战俘必须准备并尽量逃脱，同时帮助它人逃脱。

Contrary to the spirit of the Geneva Convention, enemies engaged by U.S. forces since 1950 have regarded the POW compound as an extension of the battlefield. In doing so, they have used a variety of tactics and pressures, including physical and mental mistreatment, torture and medical neglect, to exploit POWs for propaganda purposes, to obtain military information or to undermine POW organization, communication and resistance.

和日内瓦协议的精神相反，从１９５０年以来，美国的敌人往往把战俘营作为战场的延伸。它们使用各种方法和压力包括精神和肉体的虐待，折磨及不给医治来利用战俘做宣传，　以获取军事情报或破坏战俘的组织，沟通和反抗。

Such enemies have attempted to lure American POWs into accepting special favors or privileges in exchange for statements, acts or information. Unless it is essential to the life or welfare of that person or another prisoner of war or to the success of efforts to resist or escape a POW must neither seek nor accept special favors or privileges. Our such privileges is called parole. Parole is a promise by a prisoner of war to a captor to fulfill certain conditions such as agreeing not to escape nor to fight again once released in return for such favors as relief from physical bondage improved food and living conditions or repatriation ahead of the sick, injured or longer-held prisoners. An American POW will never sign nor otherwise accept parole.

这些敌人尝试利诱美国战俘接受特殊待遇以交换作出某种声明，行为或情报。除非有利于其他战俘的生命或福利，　或有利于反抗及脱逃，　战俘不应寻求特殊待遇及特权。这些特权叫做PAROLE(有假释含义，　不知道如何翻）。ＰＡＲＯＬＥ 是一个战俘对敌方承诺满足某些条件（如答应不越狱，释放不从事战斗行为）来交换免除劳役，更好的生活条件，或提前因伤病释放。美国战俘永远不应当同意或接受ＰＡＲＯＬＥ。

CODE OF CONDUCT IV

第四条

IF I BECOME A PRISONER OF WAR, I WILL KEEP FAITH WITH MY FELLOW PRISONERS. I WILL GIVE NO INFORMATION OR TAKE PART IN ANY ACTION WHICH MIGHT BE HARMFUL TO MY COMRADES. IF I AM SENIOR, I WILL TAKE COMMAND. IF NOT, I WILL OBEY THE LAWFUL ORDERS OF THOSE APPOINTED OVER ME AND WILL BACK THEM UP IN EVERY WAY.

４。　如果我成为战俘，　我会信任我的同伴。　我将不会提供任何信息或参与任何损害我的同志的行为。如果我的军衔高，　我将承担指挥责任。或着我将服从上级的合法命令并尽可能的支持它们。

Informing or any other action to the detriment of a fellow prisoner is despicable and is expressly forbidden. Prisoners of war must avoid helping the enemy identify fellow prisoners who may have knowledge of particular value to the enemy and who may, therefore, be made to suffer coercive interrogation.

通风报信及其他损害同伴的行为是可耻的，　也是禁止的。　战俘必须避免帮助敌方找到那些掌握重要情报的同伴，　以免它们受到拷问。

Strong leadership and communication are essential to discipline. Discipline is the key to camp organization, resistance and even survival. Personal hygiene, camp sanitation and care of sick and wounded are imperative. Officers and noncommissioned officers of the United States must continue to carry out their responsibilities and exercise their authority in captivity. The responsibility and accountability may not be evaded.

领导能力和沟通对于严明的纪律是至关重要的。纪律是战俘组织，反抗活动甚至生存的关键。

个人卫生，营地卫生及对伤病的照顾是必须要做的。美军军官在被俘状态时必须继续履行它们的责任，　行使它们的权威。这些责任不应该被回避。

If the senior is incapacitated or is otherwise unable to act, the next senior person will assume command. Camp leaders should make every effort to inform all POWs of the chain of command and try to represent them in dealing with enemy authorities. The responsibility of subordinates to obey the lawful orders of ranking American POWs should make all efforts to adhere to the principles of Article IV.

如果具有高级军衔的人员不能行使职责，次一级人员应当行使该职责。营地领导人应当尽量让各个战俘知晓指挥系统并代表敌人和敌方周旋。关于下属执行上级命令时的责任应当尽量遵守第四条。

As with other provisions of this code, common sense and the conditions of captivity will affect the way in which the senior person and the other POWs organize to carry out their responsibilities. What is important is that everyone support and work within the POW organization.

如同本守则的其他条款，常识及战俘营的条件将影响高军衔人员组织并履行它们的职责。　重要的是每个战俘都能在战俘组织内相互支持。

CODE OF CONDUCT V

第五条

SHOULD I BECOME A PRISONER OF WAR, I AM REQUIRED TO GIVE NAME, RANK, SERVICE NUMBER, AND DATE OF BIRTH. I WILL EVADE ANSWERING FURTHER QUESTIONS TO THE UTMOST OF MY ABILITY. I WILL MAKE NO ORAL OR WRITTEN STATEMENTS DISLOYAL TO MY COUNTRY AND ITS ALLIES,

５。　如果我成为战俘，　我应该提供（给对方）我的姓名，军衔，军号及生日。我将尽力避免回答任何其他问题。我将不发表任何以此不利于我的国家及其盟国口头或书面的声名。

When questioned, a prisoner of war is required by the Geneva Convention to give name, rank, service number (social Security Number) and date of birth. The prisoner should make every effort to avoid giving the captor any additional information. The prisoner may communicate with captors on matters of health and welfare and additionally may write letters home and fill out a Geneva Convention \"capture card.\" It is a violation of the Geneva Convention to place a prisoner under physical or mental duress, torture or any other form of coercion in an effort to secure information.

日内瓦协议要求战俘在被询问时提供姓名，　军衔，军号，　生日。战俘应当尽量避免提供任何多余的信息。　战俘可以和敌方就健康，　卫生情况和敌方联系，可以给家里写信，　填写日内瓦协议规定的战俘卡。从肉体或精神上折磨战俘，　以及用任何其他方法强行获取情报都是对日内瓦协议的侵犯。

If under such intense coercion, a POW discloses unauthorized information, makes an unauthorized statement or performs an unauthorized act, that prisoner\'s peace of mind and survival require a quick recovery of courage, dedication and motivation to resist a new each subsequent coercion.

如果处在极端条件下，战俘未经授权泄露了情报，作出某个声明，　某种行为，则需要迅速恢复勇气，奉献精神，主动性才能保证该战俘的冷静头脑甚至生存。

Actions every POW should resist include making oral or written confessions/apologies, answering questionnaires, providing personal histories, creating propaganda recordings, broadcasting appeals to other prisoners of war, avoiding any other material readily usable for propaganda purposes, appealing for surrender or parole, furnishing self-criticisms and communicating on behalf of the enemy to the detriment of the United States, its allies, its armed forces or other POWs.

战俘应该抵制的行为包括“口头／书面声明／承认／道歉，　回答审问，提供个人信息，提供宣传性的资料，对其他战俘广播，避免任何可用做宣传的资料，要求投降或特殊待遇，损害美国，盟国和其他战俘利益的批评和各种联系。

Every POW should also recognize that any confession signed or a statement made may be used by the enemy as a false evidence that the person is a \"war criminal\" rather than a POW. Several countries have made reservations to the Geneva Convention in which they assert that a \"war criminal\" conviction deprives the convicted individual of prisoner-of-war status, removes that person from protection under the Geneva Convention and revokes all rights to repatriation until a prison sentence is served.

每个战俘都应该认识到任何坦白或声明都会被敌人用来作为”该战俘是战犯而不是战俘“的假证据。一些国家对日内瓦协议有所保留，它们认为战犯的判决剥夺了被判人的战俘待遇，该人将不再受日内瓦协议的保护，在刑期执行以前并不再有任何被遣返的权利。

Recent experiences of American prisoners of war have proved that, although enemy interrogation sessions may be harsh and cruel, one can resist brutal mistreatment when the will to resist remains intact.

美国战俘的最近经历证明了虽然敌人的审讯可能是残酷的，当一个人的意志依旧坚强时，他依然能经受这种虐待。

The best way for a prisoner to keep faith with country, fellow prisoners and self is to provide the enemy with as little information as possible.

一个战俘保持对国家，同伴的信任的最好办法是尽可能少地提供敌方信息。

CODE OF CONDUCT VI

I WILL NEVER FORGET THAT I AM AN AMERICAN FIGHTING FOR FREEDOM, RESPONSIBLE FOR MY ACTIONS, AND DEDICATED TO THE PRINCIPLES WHICH MADE MY COUNTRY FREE. I WILL TRUST IN MY GOD AND IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

６。　我将永远不会忘记我是为自由而战的美国人，我为我的行为负责。我忠于那些使我的国家自由的原则。我将信任我的上帝和美国。

A member of the armed forces remains responsible for personal actions at all times.

美国军人永远要对个人行为负责。

A member of the armed forces who is captured has a continuing obligation to resist and to remain loyal to country, service, unit and fellow prisoners.

一个被俘的美国军人有义务继续抵抗并忠于它的国家，部队和战俘同伴。

Upon repatriation, POWs can expect their actions to be reviewed, both as to circumstances of capture and conduct during detention. The purpose of such review is to recognize meritorious performance as well as to investigate possible misconduct. Each review will be conducted with due regard for the rights of the individual and consideration for the conditions of captivity. Captivity of itself is not a condition of culpability.

在被遣返时，战俘会被审查。　审查内容包括被俘当时的情况以及在战俘营中的行为。审查的目的在于表彰优异的表现，以及调查不符守则的行为。　审查时将考虑个人的权利及被俘时的情况。　被俘本身不是应受惩罚的行为。

Members of the armed forces should remember that they and their dependents will be taken care of by the appropriate service and that pay and allowances, eligibility and procedures for promotion and benefits for dependents continue while the service member is detained. Service members should assure that their personal affairs and family matters (such as pay, powers of attorney, current will and provisions for family maintenance and education) are properly and currently arranged. Failure to so arrange matters can create a serious sense of guilt for a POW and place unnecessary hardship on family members.

军人应当牢记：它们的家属将得到妥善的照顾，　你们的薪水，　升职权利及家属的待遇在被俘期间将被保留。　军人们应当确认它们的个人及家庭事物（薪水，代理人权利，遗嘱，家庭及教育开支）得到妥善安排。否则，被俘后会产生强烈的内疚感并给家人带来不必要的磨难。

The life of a prisoner of war is hard. Each person in this stressful situation must always sustain hope and resist enemy indoctrination. Prisoners of war standing firm and united against the enemy will support and inspire one another in surviving their ordeal and in prevailing over misfortune with honor.

战俘生活是艰难的。每个人在这种高压环境中必须保持希望，抵制敌人洗脑。立场坚定，　团结一致和敌人斗争将支持战俘并鼓舞大家熬过磨难，　最终光荣地克服被俘的不幸。

THE CODE OF CONDUCT

行为守则

REFERENCES: Field Manual 21-75, Training Circular 27-12,

参考书目：战场手册。21-75. 训练资料　２７－１２

Army Regulation 350-30

陆军（军人）守则。３５０－３０

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1. What Army Regulation covers the Code of Conduct?

何种陆军规则提供了有关本行为守则的规定。

Army Regulation 350-30

2. The Code of Conduct applies to who?

本守则适用于谁？

All members of the United States Forces, at all times

本守则适用于所有美国军人。

３. How many articles are in the Code of Conduct?

本守则有几条？

Six

６条。

以下６个问题列出了本守则的６条条款。　不在一一翻译。

4. What is the first article of the Code of Conduct?

I am an American fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life, I am prepared to give my life in their defense

5. What is the second article of the Code of Conduct?

I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender my soldiers while they still have the means to resist

6. What is the third article of the Code of Conduct?

If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy

7. What is the fourth article of the Code of Conduct?

If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information or take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me and will back them up in every way

8. What is the fifth article of the Code of Conduct?

When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, service number, and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statement disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause

9. What is the sixth article of the Code of Conduct?

I will never forget that I am an American fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and the United States of America

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10. When was the Code of Conduct put into effect?

本守则创立于何时？

17 August 1955, revised in 1987

条文创立于１９５５年８月，　修改于１９８７年。

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11. When does a soldier surrender?

什么时候士兵能投降？

Never, under his own free will。

永远不可能志愿投降。

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12. When captured, what should you do?

被俘时该做什么？

-Continue to resist

-Try to escape and aid other to escape

- Not accept parole or other favors

继续抵抗；尽力逃脱，帮助他人逃脱；不接受特殊待遇。

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13. What favors can you expect from the enemy?

你可以从敌方接受什么样的好处？

None

没有

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14. Can you ever accept command of POWs in a camp?

在战俘营中可以继续发布命令吗？

Yes, if you are the senior NCO or officer. Chaplains and medical personnel will normally not take command

是，　如果你是军官或军衔高。牧师及医务人员通常不负担指挥责任。

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15. What (who) is the detaining power?

The forces that hold the POW

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16. What is the Geneva Convention of prisoners of war?

The Geneva Convention is a treaty agreed upon by one or more nations for the protection and the conduct of the prisoner of war and consists of twenty-five sections

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17. What is meant by protecting powers and what are their duties?

Protecting powers are delegates appointed by the convention powers for the protection of the Geneva Convention. Their duties are to safeguard the interest of the parties involved in the conflict

..

18. The law of war is derived from two principle sources. What are they?

-Lawmaking treaties or conventions

-Customs (written or customary laws)

战争法的两个主要来源是什么？

１。　国际协议，　协定

２。　国际惯例，　成文或不成文