主题：对GM作物，中国看来是下决心了 -- 山要
http://qbit.cc/germany-bans-monsanto-mon810-gm-corn/
Germany’s Minister of Agriculture, Ilse Aigner announced a decision today to ban the cultivation Monsanto’s MON810 genetically modified Bt maize (corn), due to serious health, agricultural, and ecological concerns.
4 out of 5 German consumers are opposed to the importation of the maize, and the German BMELF (Federal Minsitry of Food, Agriculture, and Consumer Protection) decision reflects that view.
MON810, also known as YieldGard, is genetically modified to express an insecticide (Cry1Ab) that naturally in bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).
This Bt maize has been approved for human consumption and animal feed in the US, unlabelled, since 1996, [1] and many other countries, despite significant risk to humans and other species.
A 2007 study by Greenpeace showed inconsistent levels of Bt toxin expressed between plants when grown in non-controlled agricultural settings. The study found that levels of the toxic protein in some plants were up to 100 times lower than Monsanto claimed, raising questions about both the effectiveness of the plant at controlling pests, and the actual potency of the expressed pesticide. [3]
A US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) risk assessment study that concluded the maize was safe for human consumption was based on 3 studies in mice, and none in humans.
Richard Wolfson, PhD points out the recklessness of using the Bt maize in light of wofeul inadequacy of existing research. There exists a likelyhood of ampicillin (antibiotic) resistant bacteria forming in animals that consume the corn. The use of Bt corn and other crops will almost certainly selectively breed stronger pests that threaten organic crops, and they have been shown to harmful to beneficial insect species [2].
It is poorly understood whether genes from Bt maize will transfect other corn, permanently affecting gene lines of non-GM crops.
Unfortunately in many western countries, especially the US, big agribusiness and biotechnology industry has a stranglehold on regulatory agencies. In the US, produce labeled as organic (indicated by a number 9 before the PLU number) may not be genetically modified. Any produce not labelled organic may be GMO (genetically modified organisms), and even perpared, mixed foods labeled as organic, may contan GMOs.
References:
1. AGBios GM Database
2. Importation of Ciba-Geigy’s Bt Maize Is Scientifically Indefensible.Richard Wolfson, PhD.
3. How much Bt toxin do genetically engineered MON810 maize plants actually produce? Bt concentration in field plants from Germany and Spain. Antje Lorch, Cristoph Then.
现在的作物产量距光合作用上限应该还离得很远很远吧。光合作用上限怎么也能每年亩产几万斤甚至几十万斤。
也不能把耕地占了种危险物质吧遗害后代吧。
至少现在美国的孟山都这样的垄断了世界的转基因市场，
但他们产品的对人体和环境的潜在危害还在大辩论中。
看看这个得了第一张转基因认证证书的张院士吧：
张启发院士：愿与青年学子共同建立中国的孟山都
http://news.hzau.edu.cn/showarticle.php?aid=20540
张启发信誓旦旦说转基因是安全的，
但从他的访谈来看是没有多少说服力的：
(1)没有人体实验，只有动物实验
(2)有说服力的动物实验就是灌肠后没有当场死亡？
； 和8天后检查小老鼠器官重量没有变化？(这只是
最基本肤浅的急性毒性实验吧)
(3)对环境生态平衡的潜在破坏没有提到有研究
(4)能防虫但对人无毒因为虫与人吃的部位不同。而且张院士说
水稻本身有抗虫基因。(但是这些水稻本身的基因能和人工的基因
相提并论吗？这些基因已经经历了漫长的人的进化过程的考验)。
“对抗虫转基因水稻，有人质疑，为什么虫不能吃，而人能吃？张启发称，这是因为，虫与人吃的部位不一样。虫吃的是水稻茎、叶，而人吃的是稻谷。并且，水稻本身就有抗虫基因。”
”有专家普经用60吨转基因大米华恢1号稻米对小鼠作灌胃实验。结果表明，动物均未发现明显的中毒情况与死亡情况。
8天后，通过对比，未吃转基因大米与吃过转基因大米的小鼠，各组之间体重无生物学意义差异； 解剖后，称量心，肝，脾，肺，肾，胸腺，肾上腺以及卵巢或睾丸的重量，各组动物脏器重量无生物学意义上的差异。“
而且很多研究都提出了转基因有危害的证据，很多国家都开始禁止一些转基因产品，有这么大的广泛争议，这个院士却只字不谈这些，轻易下结论，看起来不是一个有责任心有良心的院士。
http://cjmp.cnhan.com/whwb/html/2010-01/06/content_2507898.htm
张启发：动物实验表明转基因水稻无毒无害
转基因是否安全？
5年申报终获批
据介绍，此次和华中农大转基因水稻一起获得安全证书的，还有一个转基因玉米品种。
专家称，取得安全证书，表明这三个转基因品种安全性获得国家法律保证。这种安全评价依照的是《农业转基因生物安全管理条例》等有关法规的要求，参照了国际食品法典委员会《转基因植物风险评估指南》等国际通用准则，经历了最为严格的安全评价。由华中农业大学张启发院士领衔的科研团队，早在10多年前已初步完成对转抗虫基因水稻技术的研究，但因种种原因，这两个转基因水稻品种的安全证书经历5年申报才最终获批。
不过，获得安全证书并不意味着可以马上开始商业化种植，还要通过品种审定并获得种子生产和经营许可证，方可进入商业化生产应用。
相对传统技术，转基因作物，到底安全不？通过一组组数据，张启发院士告诉大家：转基因作物是安全的。
张启发透露，转基因农作物在全球大面积种植已有14年之久，食用转基因食品的人群超过数十亿，至今还没有关于转基因食品不安全的任何证据。
对抗虫转基因水稻，有人质疑，为什么虫不能吃，而人能吃？张启发称，这是因为，虫与人吃的部位不一样。虫吃的是水稻茎、叶，而人吃的是稻谷。并且，水稻本身就有抗虫基因。
多次动物试验已表明，动物食用这种转基因水稻是无毒无害的。
有专家普经用60吨转基因大米华恢1号稻米对小鼠作灌胃实验。结果表明，动物均未发现明显的中毒情况与死亡情况。
8天后，通过对比，未吃转基因大米与吃过转基因大米的小鼠，各组之间体重无生物学意义差异； 解剖后，称量心，肝，脾，肺，肾，胸腺，肾上腺以及卵巢或睾丸的重量，各组动物脏器重量无生物学意义上的差异。
那么，如果换成是人，该会如何？张启发告诉大家，实验中转基因大米的抗虫蛋白含量，其受试剂量，按一个成年人一天吃一斤转基因大米计算，相当于一个成人吃657年的！
张启发称，转基因食品是有史以来评价最透彻、管理最严格的食品，凡是经政府审查、批准上市的转基因食品均是安全的。
自然的杂交当然好过人工转。
你说杂交有时候风险更大才是用科学的幌子来愚弄百姓。
实验证明他的转基因水稻无害吧？
种转基因水稻以后能解决这个问题？
转基因水稻到底能提高多少产量。
我看到的好像是说有8%。
难道就为了这个8%去冒这么大的风险。
为什么欧洲国家那么多BAN 孟山都的？
难道这些国家的人都不懂科学？
似乎除了袁隆平，农业转基因技术专利我们掌握了多少？绝大部分都是美国公司，比如孟山都手上吧。中国的绝大多数，比如这次“批准”转基因主粮的专家们大都是美国公司的买办而已。
你一开口就谬误，建议你想好再说。
当今世界，最大的私货贩卖商就是掌控美国国家机器的美国精英。战争，军火，美元，石油，粮食，民主，自由选举，甚至网络，太空。。。都可以变成他们的私货。
他们好的自己留着享用，不能让别人染指；坏的就贩卖给别人，说是灵丹妙药。
即使反对人士有过激的地方，那也是常年被美国这只蛇咬怕了，看见草绳也怕，而不应过于责备他们太盲目。至少他们也是有充分的理由的。
中华人民共和国是世界上第一个批准转基因作物商业化种植的国家:1994年首次商品化种植抗黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）和抗烟草花叶病毒（TMV）双价的转基因烟草.
转基因棉花的种植历史也相当长了.
北方沙漠是降水量的问题,不是植物的问题.没有足够的降水或者地下水,大量种植植物反而会导致土壤含水量的下降,促进荒漠化.
http://greenbio.checkbiotech.org/news/monsanto_opens_first_biotechnology_research_center_china
Monsanto Opens First Biotechnology Research Center in China
Wednesday, November 4, 2009
ST. LOUIS and BEIJING -- Monsanto Company (NYSE: MON) announced today that it is opening its first research center in China, further demonstrating its commitment to forming technology collaborations in the country.
The Monsanto Biotechnology Research Center in Zhongguancun, Beijing, will strengthen the company's ties with Chinese research institutions in plant biotechnology and genomics.
The new research center is an extension of the company's commitment to doubling yields in its core crops by 2030 compared to a base year of 2000, while reducing the amount of inputs required per unit produced by a third. Monsanto currently invests more than $2 million a day in research in order to meet this commitment to global agriculture.
The Beijing research center will participate in early-stage bioinformatics and genomics research, and serve as a base for collaborations with Chinese scientists. Monsanto also has research centers in the United States, Brazil and India.
"Monsanto has made a commitment to collaborate with Chinese scientists on advanced biotech and breeding technology," said Stephen Padgette, vice president of biotechnology for Monsanto. "Monsanto has made a commitment to develop advanced biotech and breeding technology to China. The establishment of the center will give Chinese researchers access to our global research network and to our industry-leading product development pipeline."
"We are pleased that Monsanto, the leading agricultural biotech company, is setting up a research center in China. Biotech is an important solution to increase crop productivity. Technology innovation and improvement will be determining factors for agriculture sustainability," said Zhai Huqu, president of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS). "Strengthening the exchange of information and creating a technology collaboration platform is crucial for technological innovation. CAAS has worked with Monsanto in the past and this is a great opportunity to expand that collaboration."
Recently, Monsanto announced a collaboration with Huazhong Agricultural University to further gene discovery and the development of novel biotechnology traits. The company also established a RMB 1 million scholarship at the university to encourage students to pursue careers in biotechnology research.
Prof. Qifa Zhang, a leading scientist at Huazhong Agricultural University, congratulated Monsanto on the establishment of the research center.
"The establishment of the center will have a key role in further strengthening our collaboration, and speeding up commercialization and marketing of new technology," Zhang said.
China has already made many achievements in agricultural research, said John McLean, general manager of the research center.
"We hope to work closely with Chinese scientists and researchers on innovation in agricultural biotechnology. Establishing a research center in China is a good platform for exchange of information and collaboration between Monsanto and Chinese researchers," McLean said. "We already work with several research institutions and universities on novel agricultural traits. We firmly believe that technological advances will increase productivity and contribute to finding solutions to the challenges facing agriculture."
About Monsanto Company
Monsanto Company is a leading global provider of technology-based solutions and agricultural products that improve farm productivity and food quality. Monsanto remains focused on enabling both small-holder and large-scale farmers to produce more from their land while conserving more of our world's natural resources such as water and energy. To learn more about our business and our commitments, please visit: www.monsanto.com. Follow our business on Twitter at www.twitter.com/MonsantoCo, on Facebook at www.facebook.com/MonsantoCo, or subscribe to our News Release RSS Feed.