主题：【原创】奔向复苏或者奔向危机的2007 -- 葡萄

也许明年粮食的总产量可以达到人类的需求，但是出于对未来不确定的担忧，各个国家会限制出口，进一步加剧国际市场上的短缺，这点其实中国人该有深刻的记忆，当年市场上风闻盐会涨价，结果所有人都去买，市场上一下子买不到了，还包括日用品电器，我印象中最厉害的是88年，其实市场的短缺很大程度来自人们的恐慌心理，放大到国际市场，那就有可能演变成灾难，要是某些负面消息加剧人们的担忧，最起码，市场上的短缺是无法避免的，所以，中国人趁现在搞好储备是上策。

复【原创】奔向复苏或者奔向危机的2007

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【文摘】美CIA 报告：中国全面超过印度

美CIA 报告：中国全面超过印度

小结：

人口：印度将在 20-25 年间，追上中国的人口，达到 15 亿。

政治：中国中央集权，多党参议，政治稳定。印度太多的政党，事情往往议而难决。

经济：中国全面超过印度。

卫生教育：中国全面超过印度。

广播电视通讯和因特网：中国全面超过印度。其中中国因特网用户几近印度的两倍，标志中国计算机电子内需市场业已成熟，并不断壮大。

军事： 2005年，中国军事开支是印度的五倍。

来源：

https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html

复【文摘】美CIA 报告：中国全面超过印度

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Area (Km2)

China: total: 9,596,960 sq km ;land: 9,326,410 sq km ;water: 270,550 sq km

India: total: 3,287,590 sq km;land: 2,973,190 sq km ;water: 314,400 sq km

Natural resources:

China : coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest)

India: coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land

Land use:

China: arable land: 14.86% ,permanent crops: 1.27% ,other: 83.87% (2005)

India: arable land: 48.83% ;permanent crops: 2.8% ;other: 48.37% (2005)

Population:

China: 1,313,973,713 (July 2006 est.)

India: 1,095,351,995 (July 2006 est.)

Population growth rate:

China: 0.59% (2006 est.)

India: 1.38% (2006 est.)

Birth rate:

China: 13.25 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

India: 22.01 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate:

China: 6.97 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

India: 8.18 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

China: total: 23.12 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 20.6 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 25.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

India: total: 54.63 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 55.18 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 54.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

China: total population: 72.58 years.

India: total population: 64.71 years

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

China: 0.1% (2003 est.)

India: 0.9% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

China: 840,000 (2003 est.)

India: 5.1 million (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

China: 44,000 (2003 est.)

India: 310,000 (2001 est.)

Ethnic groups:

China: Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%

India: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)

Religions:

China: Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%-4%, Muslim 1%-2% note: officially atheist (2002 est.)

India: Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

China: total population: 90.9%;male: 95.1% ;female: 86.5% (2002) definition: age 15 and over can read and write

India: total population: 59.5%; male: 70.2%; female: 48.3% (2003 est.)

Languages:

China: Chinese

India: English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language

Government type:

China: Communist state

India: federal republic

Independence:

China: 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949 (People's Republic established)

India: 15 August 1947 (from UK)

Political parties and leaders:

China: Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP note -no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the Falungong spiritual movement and the China Democracy Party as subversive groups

India has dozens of national and regional political parties.

Economy - overview:

GDP (purchasing power parity):

China: $8.883 trillion (2005 est.)

India: $3.666 trillion (2005 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):

China: $2.225 trillion (2005 est.)

India: $719.8 billion (2005 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

China: 10.2% (official data) (2005 est.)

India: 8.4% (2005 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

China: $6,800 (2005 est.)

India: $3,400 (2005 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:

China: agriculture: 12.5%; industry: 47.3% ;services: 40.3%

note: industry includes construction (2005 est.)

India: agriculture: 18.6% ;industry: 27.6% ;services: 53.8% (2005 est.)

Labor force:

China: 791.4 million (2005 est.)

India: 496.4 million (2005 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:

China: agriculture: 49% ;industry: 22% ;services: 29% (2003 est.)

India: agriculture: 60%;industry: 17% ;services: 23% (1999)

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Unemployment rate:

China: 9% official registered unemployment in urban areas in 2004; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural areas; an official Chinese journal estimated overall unemployment (including rural areas) for 2003 at 20% (2005 est.)

India: 8.9% (2005 est.)

Population below poverty line:

China: 10% (2001 est.)

India: 25% (2002 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

China: lowest 10%: 2.4%;highest 10%: 30.4% (1998)

India: lowest 10%: 3.5%;highest 10%: 33.5% (1997).

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

China: 44 (2002)

India: 32.5 (2000)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

China: 1.8% (2005 est.)

India: 4.2% (2005 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):

China: 44.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

India: 28.1% of GDP (2005 est.)

Budget:

China: revenues: $392.1 billion,expenditures: $424.3 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)

India: revenues: $111.2 billion ,expenditures: $135.8 billion; including capital expenditures of $15 billion (2005 est.)

Public debt:

China: 24.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

India: 53.8% of GDP (federal and state debt combined) (2005 est.)

Industrial production growth rate:

China: 29.5% (2005 est.)

India: 7.9% (2005 est.)

Electricity - production:

China: 2.19 trillion kWh (2004)

India: 556.8 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - consumption:

China: 2.17 trillion kWh (2004)

India: 519 billion kWh (2003)

Electricity - exports:

China: 10.6 billion kWh (2003)

India: 187 million kWh (2003)

Electricity - imports:

China: 1.546 billion kWh (2003)

India: 1.4 billion kWh (2003)

Oil - production:

China: 3.504 million bbl/day (2004)

India: 785,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)

Oil - consumption:

China: 6.391 million bbl/day (2004)

India: 2.32 million bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - exports:

China: 340,300 bbl/day (2004)

India: 350,000 bbl/day

Oil - imports:

China: 3.226 million bbl/day (2004)

India: 2.09 million bbl/day

Oil - proved reserves:

China: 18.26 billion bbl (2004)

India: 5.7 billion bbl (2005 est.)

Natural gas - production:

China: 35.02 billion cu m (2003)

India: 27.1 billion cu m (2003 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:

China: 33.44 billion cu m (2003 est.)

India: 27.1 billion cu m (2003 est.)

Natural gas - exports:

China: 2.79 billion cu m (2004)

India: 0 cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves:

China: 2.53 trillion cu m (2004)

India: 853.5 billion cu m (2005)

Current account balance:

China: $160.8 billion (2005 est.)

India: $-12.95 billion (2005 est.)

Exports:

China: $752.2 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

India: $76.23 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Imports:

China: $631.8 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

India: $113.1 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

China: $825.6 billion (2005 est.)

India: $136 billion (2005 est.)

Debt - external:

China: $252.8 billion (2005 est.)

India: $125.5 billion (2005 est.)

Communications

Telephones - main lines in use:

China: 350.433 million (2005)

India: 49.75 million (2005)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

China 393.428 million (2005)

India: 69,193,321 (2006)

Radio broadcast stations:

China: AM 369, FM 259, shortwave 45 (1998)

India: AM 153, FM 91, shortwave 68 (1998)

Television broadcast stations:

China: 3,240 (of which 209 are operated by China Central Television, 31 are provincial TV stations, and nearly 3,000 are local city stations) (1997)

India: 562 (of which 82 stations have 1 kW or greater power and 480 stations have less than 1 kW of power) (1997)

Internet hosts:

China: 187,508 (2005)

India: 787,543 (2005)

Internet users:

China: 111 million (2005)

India: 60 million (2005)

Transportation

Airports:

China: 486 (2006)

India: 341 (2006)

Airports - with paved runways:

China: total: 403,over 3,047 m: 56; 2,438 to 3,047 m: 127

(2006)

India: total: 243, over 3,047 m: 17; 2,438 to 3,047 m: 51 (2006)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

China: total: 83

India: total: 98

Heliports:

China: 32 (2006)

India: 28 (2006)

Railways:

China: total: 74,408 km

standard gauge: 74,408 km 1.435-m gauge (19,303 km electrified) (2004)

India: total: 63,230 km

broad gauge: 45,718 km 1.676-m gauge (16,528 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 14,406 km 1.000-m gauge (165 km electrified); 3,106 km 0.762-m gauge and 0.610-m gauge (2005)

Roadways:

China: total: 1,809,829 km

paved: 1,447,682 km (with at least 29,745 km of expressways)

unpaved: 362,147 km (2003)

India: total: 3,851,440 km

paved: 2,411,001 km

unpaved: 1,440,439 km (2002)

Waterways:

China: 123,964 km (2003)

India: 14,500 km

note: 5,200 km on major rivers and 485 km on canals suitable for mechanized vessels (2005)

Merchant marine:

China: total: 1,723 ships

India: total: 316 ships

Ports and terminals:

China: 7,

India: 9, Chennai, Haldia, Jawaharal Nehru, Kandla, Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay), New Mangalore, Vishakhapatnam

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