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主题:【原创】一沙一世界 -- 任爱杰

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家园 【原创】一沙一世界

诗贵在意境而不在长短。很多名句的出处诗如果整体来看并不怎样,只有一两句的亮点。这一点,不少朋友都已经说过了。例如虎兄的大作履虎尾:【原创】掬水月在手(下)就说到了这个问题。

这个问题是普遍性的。不但中国诗有此问题,外国诗也有这个问题。例如威廉·布莱克(William Blake)的长诗 Auguries of Innocence 。

这个题目一般译作 《天真的预兆》,其实从诗的内容来看应当译为《纯真的卜辞》更为贴切。

从整体来说,这首诗其实是首又臭又长的二流讽刺诗。下面是诗的全文,大家有兴趣的可以慢慢读:

To see a world in a grain of sand,

And a heaven in a wild flower,

Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,

And eternity in an hour.

A robin redbreast in a cage

Puts all heaven in a rage.

A dove-house fill'd with doves and pigeons

Shudders hell thro' all its regions.

A dog starv'd at his master's gate

Predicts the ruin of the state.

A horse misused upon the road

Calls to heaven for human blood.

Each outcry of the hunted hare

A fibre from the brain does tear.

A skylark wounded in the wing,

A cherubim does cease to sing.

The game-cock clipt and arm'd for fight

Does the rising sun affright.

Every wolf's and lion's howl

Raises from hell a human soul.

The wild deer, wand'ring here and there,

Keeps the human soul from care.

The lamb misus'd breeds public strife,

And yet forgives the butcher's knife.

The bat that flits at close of eve

Has left the brain that won't believe.

The owl that calls upon the night

Speaks the unbeliever's fright.

He who shall hurt the little wren

Shall never be belov'd by men.

He who the ox to wrath has mov'd

Shall never be by woman lov'd.

The wanton boy that kills the fly

Shall feel the spider's enmity.

He who torments the chafer's sprite

Weaves a bower in endless night.

The caterpillar on the leaf

Repeats to thee thy mother's grief.

Kill not the moth nor butterfly,

For the last judgement draweth nigh.

He who shall train the horse to war

Shall never pass the polar bar.

The beggar's dog and widow's cat,

Feed them and thou wilt grow fat.

The gnat that sings his summer's song

Poison gets from slander's tongue.

The poison of the snake and newt

Is the sweat of envy's foot.

The poison of the honey bee

Is the artist's jealousy.

The prince's robes and beggar's rags

Are toadstools on the miser's bags.

A truth that's told with bad intent

Beats all the lies you can invent.

It is right it should be so;

Man was made for joy and woe;

And when this we rightly know,

Thro' the world we safely go.

Joy and woe are woven fine,

A clothing for the soul divine.

Under every grief and pine

Runs a joy with silken twine.

The babe is more than swaddling bands;

Every farmer understands.

Every tear from every eye

Becomes a babe in eternity;

This is caught by females bright,

And return'd to its own delight.

The bleat, the bark, bellow, and roar,

Are waves that beat on heaven's shore.

The babe that weeps the rod beneath

Writes revenge in realms of death.

The beggar's rags, fluttering in air,

Does to rags the heavens tear.

The soldier, arm'd with sword and gun,

Palsied strikes the summer's sun.

The poor man's farthing is worth more

Than all the gold on Afric's shore.

One mite wrung from the lab'rer's hands

Shall buy and sell the miser's lands;

Or, if protected from on high,

Does that whole nation sell and buy.

He who mocks the infant's faith

Shall be mock'd in age and death.

He who shall teach the child to doubt

The rotting grave shall ne'er get out.

He who respects the infant's faith

Triumphs over hell and death.

The child's toys and the old man's reasons

Are the fruits of the two seasons.

The questioner, who sits so sly,

Shall never know how to reply.

He who replies to words of doubt

Doth put the light of knowledge out.

The strongest poison ever known

Came from Caesar's laurel crown.

Nought can deform the human race

Like to the armour's iron brace.

When gold and gems adorn the plow,

To peaceful arts shall envy bow.

A riddle, or the cricket's cry,

Is to doubt a fit reply.

The emmet's inch and eagle's mile

Make lame philosophy to smile.

He who doubts from what he sees

Will ne'er believe, do what you please.

If the sun and moon should doubt,

They'd immediately go out.

To be in a passion you good may do,

But no good if a passion is in you.

The whore and gambler, by the state

Licensed, build that nation's fate.

The harlot's cry from street to street

Shall weave old England's winding-sheet.

The winner's shout, the loser's curse,

Dance before dead England's hearse.

Every night and every morn

Some to misery are born,

Every morn and every night

Some are born to sweet delight.

Some are born to sweet delight,

Some are born to endless night.

We are led to believe a lie

When we see not thro' the eye,

Which was born in a night to perish in a night,

When the soul slept in beams of light.

God appears, and God is light,

To those poor souls who dwell in night;

But does a human form display

To those who dwell in realms of day.

这首诗之所以出名,是因为其耐人寻味的前四句:

To see a world in a grain of sand,

And a heaven in a wild flower,

Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,

And eternity in an hour.

这开头四句,现在流行的翻译是这样的:

一沙一世界,

一花一天堂。

双手握无限,

刹那是永恒。

由于这几句单独来看大有禅意,于是有人就不断引伸,画蛇添足得搞成:

一沙一世界,

一花一天堂,

一树一菩提,

一叶一如来

每每看到,都让我忍俊不止。

正好在讨论哈姆雷特独白的时候“不打不相识”老兄,提起这四句,于是做一回佛门中人,作一偈如下:

且窥一沙一世界,

轻拈一花一天堂。

无穷无尽尽君掌,

永生永世永刹那。

当然新文艺腔的译法也是不错的:

看一粒沙中的世界,

和一朵野花上的天堂。

无尽的世界尽在你掌中,

所谓永远也不过一段时光。

当然,各位前辈高人的翻译比我的好多了,节录如下:

一颗沙里看出一个世界,

一朵野花里放进一座天堂,

把无限放在你的手掌上,

永恒在一刹那里收藏。

——梁宗岱 译

在一颗沙粒中见一个世界,

在一朵鲜花中见一片天空,

在你的掌心里把握无限,

在一个钟点里把握无穷。

——张炽恒 译

从一粒沙看世界,

从一朵花看天堂,

把永恒纳进一个时辰,

把无限握在自己手心。

——王佐良 译

一花一世界,一沙一天国,

君掌盛无边,刹那含永劫。

——宗白华 译

一沙一世界,一花一天堂。

无限掌中置,刹那成永恒。

——徐志摩 译

各类翻译中,我认为张炽恒的最贴近原味。宗、徐两人都没译出那个“To See”来。


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