主题：【原创】揭穿一个流传已久的谎话帖，关于美国持枪自由 -- zhang11

他说的就是是free state或free polity的security。

独立宣言的前几句话就是：We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.

即每一个人都有与生俱来的生命、自由和追求幸福的权力。（人民）组成政府并授权给它的目的是为了保护人民的这些权力。当一个政府威胁到了这个目的，人民有权去改变或解散它，建立一个新的政府，并重组它的权力，使它能够保护人民的安全和幸福

再看Scalia在第29页上的解释：the threat that the new Federal Government would destroy the citizens’ militia by taking away their arms was the reason that right—unlike some other English rights—was codified in a written Constitution（第29页）联邦政府把人民缴械以解散他们的民兵组织（这样的）威胁是这个权力（即持枪权）被写入宪法的原因

这里的主语是联邦政府，所以第二修正案的目的就是为了防止联邦政府通过缴械来解散民兵组织（美国的“民兵”和中国不一样，中国的民兵是由政府组织、武装、指挥的，但是美国的民兵则是由民间自发的，和政府没有任何关系）。Scalia在最后几十页里也给了英国国王利用支持他的民兵组织把反对他的民兵组织缴械的例子，并指出第二修正案就是要防止这样的情况在美国发生。

所以第二修正案的意义就是在法律上保护了独立宣言里所说的人民改变或推翻危险政府的权力。你说的“反抗违宪的‘暴政’就是‘不违宪’”是正确理解，不是极端。

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