主题：随笔：那些洋教授和他们的历史课 （更新中） -- 五藤高庆

“…Among us [Prussians], men are equal before the law…But in the Chinese Empire…the government proceeds from the Emperor alone, who sets it in movement as a hierarchy of officials or Mandarins. …The second point to be noticed here, is family relations, which becomes almost slavery. Every one has the power of selling himself and his children; every Chinese buys his wife. Only the chief wife is a free woman. The concubines are slaves, and — like the children and every other chattel — may be seized upon in case of confiscation…”

这里黑格尔认为中国的基本社会制度是奴隶制，自皇帝以下都是如此。

…This is the character of the Chinese people in its various aspects. Its distinguishing feature is, that everything which belongs to Spirit — unconstrained morality, in practice and theory, Heart, inward Religion, Science and Art properly so called — is alien to it. The Emperor always speaks with majesty and paternal kindness and tenderness to the people; who, however, believe that they are born only to drag the car of Imperial Power. The burden which presses them to the ground, seems to them to be their inevitable destiny; and it appears nothing terrible to them to sell themselves as slaves, and to eat the bitter bread of slavery. Suicide, the result of revenge, and the exposure of children, as a common, even daily occurrence, show the little respect in which they hold themselves individually, and humanity in general. And though there is no distinction conferred by birth, and everyone can attain the highest dignity, this very equality testifies to no triumphant assertion of the worth of the inner man, but a servile consciousness — one which has not yet matured itself so far as to recognize distinctions….”

“….a majestically repeating ruin”

（黑格尔论中国，我实在很好奇按他的理论和论据做标准，即买老婆是正论1的特征，那么英国人搞换妻市场算是什么？）

接下来这部分你们回家把他读完我这里不讲了，你们读完就会明白黑格尔是怎么论证中国的停滞的。黑格尔的主要观点就是中国已死，中国是个实行专制法律的专制政体是个惩罚国家。中国不会演化进正论2，中国已经被扔进历史垃圾堆等等。黑格尔的思想是第一个提出历史演进理论的。历史是从奴役向自由演进，最后演进到“神意具现”的最终境界。

• 4：一个目标，两条道路:苏联模式和老共的成立（中）强推！