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    • 家园 【整理】巴西总统遭美国窃听

      巴西就总统遭美国窃听传唤美国大使

      发布:2013-09-02 22:47:31作者:微天下 【巴西就总统遭美国窃听传唤美国大使】法新社报道,由于出现关于美国国家安全局对巴西总统罗塞夫进行窃听的新说法,巴西当局今天传唤了美国驻巴西大使。

      点看全图

      外链图片需谨慎,可能会被源头改

      ------------------------------------------

      U.S. Spied on Presidents of Brazil and Mexico, Globo Reports

      By Joshua Goodman - Sep 2, 2013 3:04 PM

      Print QUEUEQ..The U.S. intercepted phone calls and e-mails of the presidents of Brazil and Mexico to showcase the reach of an anti-terror surveillance program, according to documents leaked by fugitive security analyst Edward Snowden.

      The allegations were made last night by American journalist Glenn Greenwald, who obtained secret documents from Snowden in May, on Brazil’s most-watched TV news magazine, Fantastico, owned by the Globo network.

      In one document, the National Security Agency cites how it intercepted text messages by Mexico’s Enrique Pena Nieto in which the then-presidential front-runner discusses two possible cabinet picks. The 24-slide presentation was dated June 2012, a month before Pena Nieto was elected. In the case of Brazil, the document highlights software that was used to probe President Dilma Rousseff’s communications with several unidentified aides. Both leaders will cross paths with President Barack Obama this week at a Group of 20 summit in Russia.

      “What struck me about these documents was how personal they were. They had pictures of them,” Greenwald, who lives in Rio de Janeiro and writes for The Guardian newspaper, said in a phone interview. “I’d think there has to be some sense of violation and invasion that will produce some outrage.”

      Ambassador Called

      Justice Minister Jose Eduardo Cardozo, who met last week in Washington with Vice President Joe Biden to discuss Brazilian concerns about the surveillance program, told Fantastico that such spying is “unacceptable,” and if confirmed, constitute a “clear violation of our national sovereignty.”

      Rousseff, after an emergency meeting with Cardozo and other aides last night, called on the U.S. ambassador, Thomas Shannon, to provide explanations. The U.S. envoy left without speaking to reporters following a meeting this morning with Foreign Minister Luiz Alberto Figueiredo. Pena Nieto’s office didn’t immediately return an e-mail seeking comment.

      Greenwald said the presentation was part of the first batch of documents he received from Snowden when he met him in Hong Kong in May. That was before the former Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corp. (BAH) employee was granted a one-year asylum in Russia on President Vladimir Putin’s condition that he stop disclosing documents that harm U.S. interests.

      Brazil Spying

      In July, Greenwald co-wrote articles in O Globo newspaper that said Brazil’s telecommunications network, a hub for traffic from Latin America, was a priority target for the NSA, alongside China, Iran and Russia. The surveillance was facilitated by associations between Brazilian and American companies, the extent and names of which Greenwald said he couldn’t verify.

      Shannon at the time denied the report by the Rio de Janeiro newspaper, telling officials that the U.S. didn’t spy on Brazilian citizens and only collects records of phone calls or e-mail messages abroad to pursue suspected terrorists.

      “Shannon first said we only look at meta-data,” said Greenwald. “It was a complete and absolute lie.”

      The secret document disclosed yesterday was prepared by a division of the NSA known only by its acronym SATC, Greenwald said. The presentation concludes that by teaming with the NSA’s division in Latin America, the agency was able to penetrate the communications networks of high-profile, security-savvy Brazilian and Mexican targets. The benefits of the exercise allow analysts to “find a needle in a haystack in a repeatable and efficient way,” according to the document.

      A press official at the U.S. Embassy said any statement would be handled by the State Department in Washington, where staffing is limited due to the Labor Day holiday. Rousseff’s office and the Foreign Ministry declined to comment.

      Washington Visit

      Pena Nieto didn’t mention the allegations in his annual state of the union address today. His foreign minister, Jose Antonio Meade, later said that the government is seeking information from the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico.

      Rousseff and Pena Nieto will meet Obama at the G-20 summit this week in St. Petersburg. In addition, Rousseff is also scheduled to be feted at the White House in October during the first state visit by a Brazilian leader in more than two decades.

      That visit was scheduled before Snowden’s leaks rocked relations between the Western Hemisphere’s two biggest economies, leading Rousseff’s government to take its concerns to the United Nations and discuss legislation to restrict data gathering by U.S. companies in Brazil.

      Collecting Data

      Cardozo said that in his meetings last week with Biden and Attorney General Eric Holder he proposed a protocol of intentions between the two countries to reinforce Brazil’s sovereignty and prevent the U.S. from collecting data in the country without a judicial order. The proposal was rejected, Cardozo said.

      In a separate document shown by Fantastico outlining the NSA’s assessment of U.S. geopolitical challenges through 2019, the rise of Brazil on the global stage is classified as a “stressor” to regional stability and a potential risk to U.S. interests. In the document it appears alongside Iran, Mexico, Sudan, Egypt and several other countries under the heading “Friends, Enemies or Problems?”

      “The government reaction has to be fast because this is a delicate problem,” Andre Cesar, director of consulting firm Prospectiva, said by phone from Brasilia. “Officials have to show strength. They have to show that they won’t accept this.”

    • 家园 【历史】岸信介,甲级战犯,57年总理,安倍的姥爷

      岸信介的外孙就是现任总理安倍晋三

      外链出处

      点看全图

      外链图片需谨慎,可能会被源头改

      岸信介(Kishi Nobusuke;1896~1987) 日本山口县人。操纵伪满洲国的五人帮之一,人称满洲之妖。甲级战犯,他曾在1957年、1958年两度组阁,担任过三年多的内阁总理大臣。通过了日美安保条约,他还是战后首开敌视新中国先河的人物。

      岸信介(KishiNobusuke;1896~1987)日本政治家。原姓佐藤,后成为岸

      《时代周刊》封面上的岸信介

      姓养子。其亲弟佐藤荣作亦曾为首相。其外孙安倍晋三是日本第90代首相。1896年11月13日生于日本山口县人。那里先后出过八名总理大臣。荻市出过所谓“明治维新精神导师”吉田松荫。1920年在东京帝国大学法学部毕业。同年入农商务省,在该省文书科、临时产业局等处任事务官。1925年后历任商工省工务、文书和统计科长,1935年升为工务局长,1936年后历任伪满洲国政府实业部总务司司长、产业部次长和总务厅次长等职,和关东军参谋长东条英机,满洲国总务厅长星野直树,满铁总裁松冈洋右,满洲重工业开发株式会社会长鲇川义介并称满洲五巨头。在中国期间,因生活放荡,每晚饮酒嫖妓,性情古怪,喜怒哀乐无常,且刚愎自用使人难以捉摸,故又被人称为“昭和之妖”。

      1939年调回日本,历任阿部信行内阁、米内光政内阁、近卫文麿内阁等的商工省政务次官,因坚持经济统治政策与工商大臣小林一三发生争持而辞职。1941年在东条英机上台后,任内阁商工大臣。曾在东条英机的对美宣战诏书上副署。 1942年4月在“大政翼赞会”支持下首次当选为众议员,1943年商工省和军需省合并后,任军需省次官。全面负责战时统治经济,指挥军需生产和战争物资的调配,成为东条英机的得力干将。1944年7月,美军攻陷塞班岛,他向东条英机进言,美B29飞机将会轰炸日本的军需工厂,军需生产将显著下降,应该结束战争。但被东条英机骂了一句“你们文官懂个屁!”而下不来台。其后,内困外交的东条英机被重臣逼得改造内阁,于是派东京宪兵队长四方谅二大佐去劝他辞职,而岸信介这时却倒向反东条一方,拒不辞职,逼得东条英机只好下台。日本投降后,被定为甲级战犯关进东京巢鸭监狱。1948年在东条英机等7名甲级战犯被处死的翌日获释。出狱后的岸信介曾在东京开设过一家公司,其成员大多是右翼人士以及被剥夺公职的政界人士。

      战犯岸信介

      1952年解除“整肃”,同年组织“日本再建同盟”。

      1953年选入众议院,参加组织日本民主党。1954年又与鸠山一郎等组成日本民主党,任干事长。1955年民主党并入自由民主党。翌年,在石桥湛山内阁中任外务大臣。因石桥有病,他于1957年2月接任首相。任首相期间,与美国签订新的日美安全条约。上台后强调日美具有特殊关系,并努力缓和与东南亚和南亚各国之间的紧张局面。由于示威事件迭起,他被迫辞职,但此后仍为自民党积极分子,到处活动。后历任自民党高级顾问,日美协会、日英协会、家族计划国际协力财团会长、自由宪法制定促进国民会议议长,皇学馆大学校长等职。1960年6月23日下台。1968年任皇学馆大学校长。曾任“日韩合作委员会”日方会长、日蒋“合作策进委员会”成员、国际文化振兴会和家族计划国际协力财团会长、联合国人口活动基金会理事。1982年1月任自民党最高顾问。1979年8月获联合国和平奖。1980年3月任日中研究会顾问。1987年8月7日病死。成为在战争期间与战后从未离开日本政治权力中枢的政坛人物。

    • 家园 【整理】煤球是白的

      对比看2 个录像, 一个是央视记者现场的采访;另一个是ABC新闻网。 同一个现场,不同的解读:一个说煤球是黑的,另一个说煤球是白的。

      央视2013-08-25

      叙利亚毒气弹事件最新消息 记者实地探访疑似化学武器受袭地区 叙利亚毒气弹事件最新消息 记者实地探访疑似化学武器受袭地区

      外链出处

      2, 这个是美国ABC新闻网, youtube上的录像。

      外链出处

    • 家园 【历史】731部队首脑不被认为是战犯

      谢谢唵啊吽的提供的资料

      点看全图

      外链图片需谨慎,可能会被源头改

      外链出处

      石井四郎(いしい しろう;1892年6月25日-1959年10月9日),日本千叶县加茂村人,日本军人。日军731部队首脑。为了证明其研究的有效而获得经费,他曾亲身用自己设计的净水器将尿和污水净化后饮食,据说该净水器还曾在琉黄岛等战事中发挥作用。

      为第二次世界大战结束前,曾领导部下在中国等地进行活人细菌感染、解剖实验。

      据称第二次世界大战结束后,石井四郎用其细菌研究的资料数据和驻日美军进行交易,逃避了战争法庭的审判。之后随着1952年后日美缔结和约,日本政府得到了赦免战犯的权力,于是一大批B C类战犯都得以免于罪责(靖国新论)。

      1952年,中国出版的刊物《世界知识》中的《抗議侵朝美軍的滔天罪行》一文声称石井四郎等原731部队成员前往韩国,协助进行细菌战。此說法後來被藤井志津枝重復。

      戰後石井四郎對禪著迷,宛如禪僧般地生活,每天都去若松町自家附近的月桂寺,向僧侶請教。最后入了基督教。[1]

      1959年10月9日,石井四郎因喉頭癌於國立東京第一醫院逝世,享年69歲。

      外链出处

      Immunity[edit source | editbeta]

      Arrested by the US occupation authorities at the end of World War II, Ishii and other Unit 731 leaders were to be thoroughly interrogated by the Soviet authorities.[6] Instead Ishii and his team managed to negotiate and receive immunity in 1946 from war-crimes prosecution before the Tokyo tribunal in exchange for their full disclosure of germ warfare data based on human experimentation. Although the Soviet Russian authorities wished the prosecutions to take place, the USA objected after the reports of the investigating US microbiologists. Among these was Dr. Edwin Hill (Chief of Fort Detrick), whose report stated that the information was "absolutely invaluable", it "could never have been obtained in the USA because of scruples attached to experiments on humans", and "the information was obtained fairly cheaply".[6] On 6 May 1947, Douglas MacArthur wrote to Washington that "additional data, possibly some statements from Ishii probably can be obtained by informing Japanese involved that information will be retained in intelligence channels and will not be employed as 'War Crimes' evidence."[7] The deal was concluded in 1948.[citation needed] In this way Ishii was never prosecuted for any war crimes.

      Richard Drayton, a Cambridge University history lecturer, claimed that Ishii later went to Maryland to advise on bioweapons.[8] If Ishii did travel to Maryland, it was most likely to advise at Fort Detrick, a well known major biomedical experimentation facility in Frederick, Maryland. Another source says he stayed in Japan,[9] where he opened a clinic where he did examinations and treatments for free. He was especially concerned with the health of children. In his final years he converted to Christianity.[10] He kept a diary but it did not reference any of his wartime activity.[11] He died of throat cancer at the age of 67.[12]

      =============================

      .外链出处

      Fort Detrick sent several investigators to Japan after the war to interrogate captured Japanese scientists. Leading the team was Dr. Norbert Fell and Lieutenant Colonel Arvo Thompson. Working with General Douglas MacArthur's intelligence team at Supreme Commander Allied Powers (SCAP), Dr. Fell and Thompson learned the full extent of the Japanese program headed by Lieutenant General Shiro Ishii. In the European Theater, Nazi Germany had put its effort into chemical research. It also used thousands of Jewish inmates in the concentration camps for grisly surgical and medical research. Nazi Germany is said to have had a mortal fear of the U.S. BW capability and decided against BW shortly after America entered the war in 1942

    • 家园 【整理】《卫报》被逼毁斯诺登文件 确保不被中国间谍拿到

      录像, 我不知道怎么搬过来外链出处

      英文原文:外链出处U.K. forced Guardian newspaper to wreck computers after Snowden leaks: editor

      英国政府特工前往《卫报》总部,销毁了存有斯诺登解密文件的硬盘

      英国《卫报》主编罗斯布里奇昨天表示,英国政府一个月前曾经派特工前往该报总部,监督销毁了储存有斯诺登揭秘文件的电脑。不过据《卫报》记者格林沃尔德此前透露,斯诺登所掌握的文件早已分散至全球多处保存。罗斯布里奇也指出,英国政府的这一做法表现了“对数字时代的无知”,《卫报》将继续逐步披露斯诺登的秘密文件。

      不过,此举表明了英国政府打算阻止“棱镜门事件”继续发酵的意图。美国官员透露,英国近日拘捕格林沃尔德同伴的行为,同样是为了销毁其掌握的斯诺登相关资料。

      “确保不被弄到中国间谍手中”

      19日,英国《卫报》主编阿兰·罗斯布里奇(Alan Rusbridger)发表了一篇评论文章,抨击英国政府以《恐怖主义法》附件7为依据拘捕“棱镜门”揭秘记者格林沃尔德的同伴大卫·米兰达的行为,称之为“所有记者面临的共同威胁”。

      文章还透露,大概两个月前,一名英国政府高级官员曾经联系到他,声称要传达英国首相本人的观点。该官员要求《卫报》交出或者销毁手上掌握的斯诺登揭秘材料,否则会遭到严厉对待。

      一个月之后,罗斯布里奇接到了一个来自中央政府的更加强硬的电话,电话称“你们已经玩得够高兴了,我们现在想把东西拿回来”。政府特工再次提出了销毁文件的要求,称“你们已经得到了想要的辩论,不需要进行更多的报道了”。

      不顾《卫报》的抗议,两名来自英国间谍机构政府通信总部(GCHQ)的工作人员来到《卫报》位于伦敦北部办公室,在地下室里监督销毁了该报的硬盘。

      罗斯布里奇说,这些硬盘被掰断撕碎,“GCHO两名安全专家监视了整个过程……只为了确保残留下来的碎片将没有可能再被弄到中国间谍手中。”罗斯布里奇称之为“《卫报》漫长历史中最为离奇的时刻之一”。

      “毫无意义的象征性举措”

      对于英国政府销毁硬盘的行为,罗斯布里奇感到十分可笑。他说,“白厅(Whitehall)也许感到满意了吧,但这就像是一个毫无意义的象征性举措,他们对于数字时代一点也不了解。”

      罗斯布里奇透露,自己已经向英国政府官员解释过这个时代的媒体运作方式:“媒体会充分利用宽松的法律环境,我们大部分关于美国国安局的报道都是从纽约发出的。而且你们有没有意识到,格林沃尔德本人住在巴西?”

      斯诺登事件的最初爆料人、英国《卫报》记者格林沃尔德大约两个月以前也曾发出过类似的信息。他指出,斯诺登手上还握有大量未披露的信息,这些信息分散在全球“上千个地方”,足以给美国造成史无前例的灾难。

      尽管时间上似有重合,我们不知道格林沃尔德的话与英国政府的行为有无关系。当时外界猜测,这一表态是为了保证斯诺登的人身安全。

      罗斯布里奇强调,《卫报》将继续对斯诺登泄露的文件进行细致的报道,但这些报道不会在伦敦进行。

      “英格兰也逃不掉”

      英国路透社报道称,英国政府销毁《卫报》硬盘的行为虽然不会立即消灭围绕监听门的揭秘,但一进给表明了他们的强硬态度,而且还会付出更多的努力来达到目的。

      18日,英国警方在伦敦希斯罗机场扣押了格林沃德的同伴,巴西人大卫·米兰达,引发《卫报》和格林沃尔德本人的愤怒。尽管米兰达今天已经获释,但他的手机、电脑和录音笔都被没收。

      路透社援引一名美国安全官员的话说,英国拘捕米兰达的目的就是要发出信息,警告其他持有斯诺登揭秘文件的人,英国政府是认真地想要消除棱镜门报道。

      不过,格林沃尔德已经表示,如果英国政府认为拘捕他的同伴就能阻止他的报道,那么他们完全搞反了。

      “从今以后,我的报道会更有攻击性,我会发布更多的秘密文件。英格兰也逃不掉,我掌握着很多关于英国间谍系统的文件。”

    • 家园 【历史】1885年华人在美国写的一封信

      点看全图

      外链图片需谨慎,可能会被源头改

      我想知道当年中央美院在广场上立美女像的时候知道不知道这些。现在知道了这些,对当年的行为有什么感想?想对所有人做个采访。呵呵,和气生财。

      今天的面坨了,不好吃。

      ================================================

      1885年华人在美国写的一封信

      事情发生在1885年,法国把自由女神塑像捐赠给纽约,有好事者号召美国公民捐款修建自由女神塑像下的园林。美籍华人Saum Song Bo为此写了一封信,这封信首先刊登在【纽约太阳报】,后来转载在【美国牧师】月刊上。信中说:

      ============================================================================

      先生:

      昨天我收到一篇让我审阅的文章,这是一篇专门号召美籍华裔老乡捐款给自由女神园林基金的文章。题目是号召美国公民的,号召热爱美国和自由的美国公民。我和我的老乡对被视为热爱自由的美国公民而感到荣幸,但我不能不面对这样的事实,美国对所有族裔都是自由的,却偏偏把华裔排除在自由之外。鉴于这样的事实,号召我们为自由女神捐款实在是对我们华裔的侮辱。自由女神高举的火炬照亮了各国移民来到美国的道路,但是,他允许中国人移民美国吗?定居在美国的华裔能够享受到和其它族裔一样的自由吗?华裔能够向其它族裔一样不受侮辱、攻击、摧残、诬陷和歧视地在这里自由迁徒吗?

      如果一个中国佬来到美国,以优异成绩在美国大学毕业,全心拥抱美国的自由理念,决心在这里定居,他看到他的同胞需要有自己的法律顾问,自己的法律代表,自己的法律诉求和法律保护,他想学习成为一名律师,中国佬的他能够实行这个愿望吗?根据美国法律,只因为他是华裔,他就不能成为公民,更不能成为律师。

      而捐赠自由女神塑像的是这样一个国家,它即不爱中国人,也不认为中国人值得有自由。安南的中国人难道就不能和法国人一样拥有自由吗?为什么法国要剥夺他们的自由?

      中国人确实热爱自由崇拜自由,但是,那些剥夺了我们自由的人凭什么塑造一个自由女神像让我们去崇拜。

      ---------------

      1885年中法战争结束,法国把中国的藩邦越南割为法国殖民地。1885年是美国通过《排华法案》后的第三年。

      ===================================================================================

      下面这个链接是原文出处:

      http://caamedia.org/separatelivesbrokendreams/statuepop.html

      A Protest Against the Statue of Liberty

      Author: Saum Song Bo

      Date:1885

      Annotation: In the pages of a missionary magazine, Saum Song Bo describes the irony of erecting a Statue of Liberty just after the United States had enacted a law excluding Chinese from the United States.

      Document: SIR: A paper was presented to me yesterday for inspection, and I found it to be specially drawn up for subscription among my countrymen toward the Pedestal Fund of the Bartholdi Statue of Liberty. Seeing that the heading is an appeal to American citizens, to their love of country and liberty, I feel that my countrymen and myself are honored in being thus appealed to as citizens in the cause of liberty. But the word liberty makes me think of the fact that this country is the land of liberty for men of all nations except the Chinese. I consider it as an insult to us Chinese to call on us to contribute toward building in this land a pedestal for a statue of Liberty. That statue represents Liberty holding a torch which lights the passage of those of all nations who come Into this country. But are the Chinese allowed to come? As for the Chinese who are here, are they allowed to enjoy liberty as men of all other nationalities enjoy it? Are they allowed to go about everywhere free from the insults, abuse, assaults, wrongs and injuries from which men of other nationalities are free?

      If there be a Chinaman who came to this country when a lad, who has passed through an American institution of learning of the highest grade, who has so fallen in love with American manners and ideas that he desires to make his home in this land, and who, seeing that his countrymen demand one of their own number to be their legal adviser, representative, advocate and protector, desires to study law, can he be a lawyer? By the law of this nation, he, being a Chinaman, cannot become a citizen, and consequently cannot be a lawyer.

      And this statue of Liberty is a gift to a people from another people who do not love or value liberty for the Chinese. Are not the Annamese and Tonquinese Chinese, to whom liberty is as dear as to the French? What right have the French to deprive them of their liberty?

      Whether this statute against the Chinese or the statue to Liberty will be the more lasting monument to tell future ages of the liberty and greatness of this country, will be known only to future generations.

      Liberty, we Chinese do love and adore thee; but let not those who deny thee to us, make of thee a graven image and invite us to bow down to it.

    • 家园 【整理】克鲁格曼:美国的饥饿游戏

      点看全图

      外链图片需谨慎,可能会被源头改

      保罗·克鲁格曼

      普林斯顿大学教授,诺贝尔经济学奖得主

      克鲁格曼:美国的饥饿游戏

      共和党的灵魂出了严重问题。这已经超越了他们糟糕的经济信条,甚至也超越了自私与特殊利益。时至今日,我们讨论的是他们的心态,那种让水深火热中的民众进一步受苦并从中取乐的心态。

      得出这种结论的依据,大家可能已经猜到了,就是众议院上周通过的畸形的农业法案。

      几十年来,有关农场的法案一直由两大部分组成。一项向农场主提供补贴;另一项则给有困难的美国民众提供营养补助,其主要形式是食品券(它如今的正式名称是“营养补充援助计划”[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program],简称为SNAP)。

      很久以前,补贴帮助了许多贫穷的农场主,那时大家还可以辩称,农业法案整体上是面向有需要人群的一种援助形式。不过,随着时间的推移,这两项法律已分道扬镳。农业补贴计划变得充斥着诈骗,主要受益者成了大企业和富裕的个人。与此同时,食品券成为了社会福利中至关重要的组成部分。

      因此,众议院共和党人投票维持农场补贴不变——超过了参议院或白宫的提案的水平——却从法案中取消了食品券。

      要充分了解究竟发展到什么地步,听听保守人士经常为取消社会保障网计划列出的理由。他们的说法是,“帮助穷人是您个人的自由。但是政府没有权利拿走人们的钱”——常常在这里加上“在枪口下”几个字——“强迫人们给穷人金钱。”

      然而,显然,绝对可以在枪口下拿走人民的钱,迫使他们把钱交给农业企业和富人。

      现如今,一些痛恨食品券的人不再援引自由意志主义哲学了,而是转而引用《圣经》。比方说,田纳西州众议员史蒂芬芬彻(Stephen Fincher)引用了《新约全书》:“不劳作,不得食。”当然了,事实表明,芬彻本人拿到了数百万美元的农业补贴。

      鉴于这种奇妙的双重标准——我认为“虚伪”这个词已不足以表达个中精髓——讨论事实和数据看起来近乎扫兴了。不过我想,必须这么做。

      好吧:近年,食品券使用量的确大幅飙升,领取食品券的人口比例从2007年的8.7%提升至最新一次统计的15.2%。不过,这没什么令人费解的。SNAP的设计用途就是帮助有困难的家庭,而近来许多家庭都一直处于困难之中。

      事实上,SNAP使用量基本与衡量失业率的广泛标准走势一致,比如U6失业率,这其中包括未充分就业者以及暂时放弃积极寻找工作的人。经济危机期间,U6增长至原来的两倍多,从本轮大衰退(Great Recession)前的约8%升至2010年初的17%。确实,广泛的失业率自那以来有所下降,而食品券数量却在继续上升——但通常情况下两者的相关性有着一定的滞后,而且很可能也有一些家庭因失业补助大幅下降而被迫领取食品券。

      那么那个右翼普遍接受的理论呢?根据该理论,事实正好是相反的——正是由于那些实际上给人钱让人不去工作的政府项目太多,我们才有这么高的失业率。(救济厨房导致了大萧条[Great Depression]!)简单的答案是,你肯定是在开玩笑。你真的相信美国人靠着SNAP的平均福利水平,也就是每月134美元(约合877元人民币)过着舒适的生活吗?

      不过,我们还是假装认真对待这种观点。如果就业率下降是因为政府补助在诱惑人们待在家里,减少劳动力,那么供需定律就应该适用:撤走所有的劳工应当会引发劳工短缺和工资上涨,尤其是那些最可能接受补助的薪酬较低的劳工。然而,事实上,工资要么没有变化,要不在下降——对于那些从食品券获得最多好处的群体来说,尤其如此。

      那么,到底是怎么回事?只是种族主义吗?毫无疑问,旧时的种族主义谣言——比如说,罗纳德里根(Ronald Reagan)所描述的“魁梧的年轻黑人”使用食品券买丁骨牛排的画面——仍有些影响。但现在,几乎半数的食品券领取者是非西语裔白人;在田纳西州,也就是那个引用圣经的芬彻的老家,这一比例达到63%。所以不全是关乎种族。

      那是关于什么呢?不知怎么的,我们国家两个伟大的政党之一感染上了一种几近病态的小气心理,一种对于“失败者”的鄙夷(CNBC的里克圣泰利[Rick Santelli]在推动茶党建立的著名痛骂中言及了这个字眼)。如果你是美国人,而正好你不走运,这些人不想帮忙;他们想再给你一脚。我不是完全理解这一点,这也不是我愿看到的糟糕场景。

      请支持独立网站,转发请注明本文链接:http://www.guancha.cn/PaulKrugman/2013_07_18_159121.shtml

      原标题:美国的饥饿游戏 本文仅代表作者个人观点。

      来源:纽约时报中文网 | 责任编辑:梁哲浩

      请支持独立网站,转发请注明本文链接:http://www.guancha.cn/PaulKrugman/2013_07_18_159121.shtml

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