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主题:【文摘】海地的天灾人祸 -- 唵啊吽

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家园 【文摘】海地的天灾人祸

摘一些原文,粗略简述大意,不是忠实翻译。

CATASTROPHE IN HAITI: The Natural and Not-So-Natural Factor

Why were 60 percent of the buildings in Port-au-Prince shoddily constructed and unsafe in normal circumstances, according to the city’s mayor? Why are there no building regulations in a city that sits on a fault line? Why has Port-au-Prince swelled from a small town of 50,000 in the 1950s to a population of 2 million desperately poor people today? Why was the state completely overwhelmed by the disaster?

To understand these facts, we have to look at a second fault line — U.S. imperial policy toward Haiti. The U.S. government, the UN, and other powers have aided the Haitian elite in subjecting the country to neoliberal economic plans that have impoverished the masses, deforested the land, wrecked the infrastructure and incapacitated the government.

为什么海地自然灾害导致社会崩溃呢?原因是海地精英实行美帝为海地制定的新自由经济计划导致大众贫穷,生态毁灭,基础设施落后,政府无能。

During the Cold War, the U.S. supported the dictatorships of Papa Doc Duvalier and then Baby Doc Duvalier — which ruled the country from 1957 to 1986 — as an anti-communist counterweight to Castro’s Cuba nearby.

Under guidance from Washington, Baby Doc Duvalier opened the Haitian economy up to U.S. capital in the 1970s and 1980s. Floods of U.S. agricultural imports destroyed peasant agriculture. As a result, hundred of thousands of people flocked to the teeming slums of Port-au-Prince to labor for pitifully low wages in sweatshops located in U.S. export processing zones.

冷战期间美国支持海地独裁统治以对抗古巴。70和80年代开放经济让美国资本进入,低价的美国农产品摧毁了海地农业,农民离开家园住进太子港贫民窟,在出口美国加工区里的血汗工厂工作。

In the 1980s, masses of Haitians rose up to drive the Duvaliers from power–later, they elected reformer Jean-Bertrand Aristide to be president on a platform of land reform, aid to peasants, reforestation, investment in infrastructure for the people, and increased wages and union rights for sweatshop workers.

NO LOVE LOST FOR ARISTIDE

The U.S. in turn backed a coup that drove Aristide from power in 1991. Eventually, the elected president was restored to power in 1994 when Bill Clinton sent U.S. troops to the island — but on the condition that he implement the U.S. neoliberal plan — which Haitians called the "plan of death".

80年代海地人民推翻Duvaliers独裁统治,选举了改革家Aristide。Aristide 计划补贴农民,恢复森林,投资基础设施,土地改革,成立工会。1991年美国支持政变推翻民选政权。1994年克林顿政权拍美军把Aristide送回海地,条件是要求Aristide实行美国在海地的新自由经济计划。

Aristide resisted parts of the U.S. programme for Haiti, but implemented other provisions, undermining his hoped-for reforms. Eventually, though, the U.S. grew impatient with Aristide’s failure to obey completely, especially when he demanded $21 billion in reparations during his final year in office. The U.S. imposed an economic embargo that strangled the country, driving peasants and workers even deeper into poverty.

Aristide没有认真贯彻美国的意图,美国对海地实行经济封锁,导致大量工农陷入贫困。

In 2004, Washington collaborated with Haiti’s ruling elite to back death squads that toppled the government, kidnapped and deported Aristide. The United Nations sent troops to occupy the country, and the puppet government of Gérard Latortue was installed to continue Washington’s neoliberal plans.

2004年美国绑架和流放了民选总统Aristide,扶持傀儡Latortue政权以贯彻美国在海地的新自由经济计划。

Latortue’s brief regime was utterly corrupt — he and his cronies pocketed large portions of the $4 billion poured into the country by the U.S. and other powers when they ended their embargo. The regime dismantled the mild reforms Aristide had managed to implement. Thus, the pattern of impoverishment and degradation of the country’s infrastructure accelerated.

傀儡政权的腐败加速了海地的贫困落后。

In 2006 elections, the Haitian masses voted in long-time Aristide ally René Préval as president. But Préval has been a weak figure who collaborated with U.S. plans for the country and failed to address the growing social crisis.

In fact, the U.S., UN and other imperial powers effectively bypassed the Préval government and instead poured money into NGOs. "Haiti now has the highest per capita presence of NGOs in the world," says Yves Engler. The Préval government has become a political fig leaf, behind which the real decisions are made by the imperial powers, and implemented through their chosen international NGOs.

2006年选举的总统是个弱政府,美国主导的联合国重建资金都是由NGO来运作,结果,海地是人口平均最多NGO的国家。实际操盘手还是幕后的美国,他们选择那个NGO可以得到资金。

‘U.S.-BACKED UN OCCUPATION’

The real state power isn’t the Préval government, but the U.S.-backed United Nations occupation. Under Brazilian leadership, UN forces have protected the rich and collaborated with — or turned a blind eye to — right-wing death squads who terrorize supporters of Aristide and his Lavalas Party.

美国操纵的联合国托管海地。

First the Bush administration and now the Obama administration have used the coup and social and natural crises to expand the U.S.’s neoliberal economic plans.

Under Obama, the U.S. has granted Haiti $1.2 billion in debt relief, but it hasn’t canceled all of Haiti’s debt — the country still pays huge sums to the Inter-American Development Bank. The debt relief is classic window-dressing for Obama’s real Haiti policy, which is the same old Haiti policy.

美国是海地的债权国。海地至今还要给美国支付利息。

通宝推:真理,

本帖一共被 1 帖 引用 (帖内工具实现)
家园 这比老式的殖民主义还要恐怖
家园 一篇比较严肃的文章说的一些事

读物来源

1991年至2004年美国媒体一直引用中情局秘密报告把民选总统Aristide说成是精神病,中情局结论的来源是一个证明不存在的加拿大精神病医生。

海地违反人权的事件,据统计只有0.2%发生在民选总统Aristide期间,二98.8%发生在政变上台的Cedras统治期间,但美国各个大报统一的口吻是60%发生在Aristide期间,40%发生在Cedras统治期间。

美国占领期间修改了海地宪法,允许外国人拥有土地产权,结果美国公司经营农场单一高强度种植破坏了水土。

美国之所以特别关心海地,就是怕大量海地难民乘船逃难到美国。

家园 真是罪孽深重!

海地真是灾难深重!

美国现在捐再多的钱(以后再回流)

出再多的兵(如同军事占领),也无法洗刷自己的罪恶。

家园 对于米国来说,海地才是他们最理想的民主标本

一切尽在掌握,还tmd民主,看到这样的政府跟米国的关系,让我感觉,米国就像是一个拥有无数触手的吸血鬼,自己一方面光鲜亮丽,另一方面却在不停的吸取世界上由他控制的国家的骨髓

家园 今天看到,UN说一周里共救出127人

汶川地震的数字是多少?别跟我说海地地震不埋人。

看到美国大兵帮着抬受难者,都是背着M4。解放军都是轻装上阵,要带就带开挖的工具。这就是差别,在一个政府失灵的地方,救灾都那么费劲。

海地地震有普世派质疑为什么美国地震局没有发警报吗?

家园 美国那哪里叫救援,直接就是军事占领

第一任务救美国公民。海地有许多NGO和美国公司,看那照片美国飞机好像载许多海地难民,应该基本都是在海地的美国公民。第二任务是防范海地难民下海漂到美国。

灾后海地实际上是无政府状态。灾前基本是联合国接管,名为联合国接管,实际是美国控制。海地长期受美国摆布,基本就没有过完整主权。如此政府崩溃,社会崩溃的国家无人可以凝聚民心。两百年的苦难,人民没有席位,没有信心了。

海地两百多年基本是被法国和美国压榨的准殖民地。海地政府每每被美国中情局策动政变推翻,历史上一直是社会不稳定的国家,但是,历史上这个社会不稳定是对美国商人不是风险,相反,这些不稳定是为了美国商业利益而产生的。

海地联合国部队没有一个加勒比海国家参与。海地是美国控制加勒比海竟而限制南美的战略要点,防止古巴与南美联合。现在海地基本是美军占领控制,海域上也是航空母舰来防范海地难民到美国。

由于海地前政府基本是美国傀儡,所以海地不承认中国而和台湾建交。中国救援不带任何政治条件,真正的人道主义援助。不过,日后重建绝对是美国和法国分内的事情,且美国势力范围之内,中国也不好大动作,否则引起美国猜忌。

估计日后重建,中国也就是商人拿标,看看是否有利可图,如帮助伊拉克和阿富汗重建模式一样,只讲商业利益好了,顺带解决当地就业问题。

链接

家园 美军已经进驻2000人了

就海地这模样,救灾没有个十来八年是救不完的,混乱也会一直持续下去,这美军就撤不了了。又是一个常年驻军的地方。还好这里没人设路边炸弹,或者打黑枪,至少现在还没有。

家园 不止这数吧。好像光海军陆战队就不止这个数

还有空降。还要海军。

家园 哈哈,老大也问这些问题。 

哈哈,老大也问这些问题。 

你这是打猎呀。

家园 对美国来说,无能的政府才是好政府

什么发展农业,提高生活水平都是犯禁的,发展了本国工农业,美国的玉米卖给谁?美国的工厂廉价劳动力从哪里来?

家园 在讨论海地地震上,郑若麟遭到了疯狂攻击

郑若麟是驻法记者,这几年在他的博客上写了不少支持中国、揭露西方国家的好文章。这一回,他又写了一篇

结果,在网络回复中,有大量帖子对他进行人身攻击,明显是他被某些人盯上了。

家园 路边炸弹、打黑枪。很快就会有的。这么多黑人,信某教的。。

很容易被煽动起仇恨来。

人命不值钱,亡命之徒就会涌现,前赴后继。

美国被动开辟的第三战场啊。

大家看好戏就是了。不要多掺和。

这些对中国都是有利的。

家园 海地人不信穆斯林吧?

应该是加勒比版的天主教,加一点voodoo的东西。

家园 当初美国黑人也是无关YSL的,不到半代人时间,就转变了。

从名字,改掉祖传的姓和名,换成YSL的。拳王阿里就是个典型代表。

关键是MSL会忽悠,绿化工作很强大,渗透力超强。MSL忽悠美洲黑人,骗他们说他们在非洲的祖先本来就是MSL. 黑人也愿意上当。一旦解放获得人权(马丁路德金运动之后),黑人MSL大发展。

没有历史和文化的种族,就是容易被邪恶势力忽悠,玩弄于股掌之上。

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