主题：【原创】决定二战胜负的科技 -- 正宗鲁皮皮
控制的好，除了一开始以外基本上是恒压，这样相对均加速，同样的炮弹初速膛压峰值较低，对炮管寿命有好处。但太强求恒压会浪费发射药能量。
燃速越高，膛压峰值越靠前，非均加速越明显。燃速太快有可能炸膛。
炸药好象是靠爆炸能量引爆，要靠雷管引爆，传爆速度很快；发射药应该算火药一类，用很小的火就能点燃，燃速要低得多，内部燃烧传递要比表面也慢得多。如果把发射药浇成长柱状，侧表面用不燃物封住，点爆一端会象导火索那样烧一阵子。
发射药都要做成各种各样的粒状，有的还开有孔洞利用表面传燃快以调节到所需的燃烧速度，较大的弹壳内还要加传燃管。发射药也不能燃烧的太快，如果用相同能量的炸药代替发射药，十有八九要炸膛。
果然搞错了。
发射药的燃速是音速以下的，具体没查到。
如果是在m/s级别的，爆炸本身的时间的确不可以忽略了。
高中物理的加速度公式是 a= (s^2) / (2*d), t= 2*d / s 。这里a是加速度，s是炮口速度，d是炮管长度，t是弹丸在炮管的运行时间。
美国90mm 高射炮的参数是s=823 m/s ，d=4.77 m. 带入公式，可以得到如下的解。
a= 70,999 m/s/s
t= 0.0116 s
因为G=9.8 m/s/s，所以平均加速度是7,245 G。弹丸在炮管运行大约百分之一秒。
考虑到在炮尾的膛压更大，实际上的瞬时加速度可能会更大一些。所以说弹丸要经受住两万个G的加速度也是说得通的。
500g的弹头的话按照F＝ma，瞬间需要的推力就是20000×9.8×500＝100000000N的推力，这是不是有点太大了啊，河里有没有知道一般炮弹的火药产生的推力为多少啊
一亿牛顿，不离谱的。请参照其他回帖的计算。
公式用的没错。可惜条件不对。
应该用炮管长度来作为基本条件的。
这就是简单的应用题啊。
一定要尊重应用条件。
你自己非要假设“这 20000 g 的加速度只发生在头1/10秒”，你要检验一下，如果能有1/10秒，这段时间炮弹该运行多远，早就远远出了炮管了，还怎么加速啊！
谢谢村长回复，我还是搞不清楚那个火药的爆炸力量怎么算。
另外，帖子里面提到的电子管如果重0.5克，在20000G的加速度条件下，如果焊脚为直径1mm的话那么焊脚材料必须所承受的最小剪切强度应该为ma/s。如果焊脚直径为1mm的话，该材料的剪切强度就是20000X9.8X0.5X1000000/3.14=31847MPa。据我所知这么高的剪切强度的材料似乎还没有吧。不知道对不对。
的确，只能打大机群。
两种引信一种是钟表引信，德国人用的就是这种，炮弹上有时钟，装定靠的是专门的引信装定机。另一种是药盘的，苏联用的，就和蚊香一样，根据时间的不同在药盘上选择不同的点火处。
MK53 MOD 5近炸引信的剖面结构图：
“湿电池”结构示意图：
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Reserve Energizer
The reserve energizer is located in the fuze body cylinder, with its contact clips receiving the contact pins of the transmitter-receiver. It is the source of electric power for operation of the fuze. It is composed of three compact wet-type batteries; the "A" battery, "B" battery, and "C" battery. The electrolyte for the batteries is contained in a glass ampoule mounted in a soft plastic cup in the central cavity of the energizer. The ampoule rests on the breaker which fits into the bottom of the plastic cup.
The plates of along-type energizer such as Energizer Mk 5 Mod 2 (fig. 2) are made up of flat zinc washers, coated on one side with carbon and assembled in a stack surrounding the ampoule. They are separated from each other by means of insulating washers at their inner and outer rim. The whole assembly is contained in a metal can lined with plastic. Holes in the zinc washers permit distribution of the electrolyte when the ampoule is broken.
When the electrolyte is distributed, each cell develops a small voltage. The "A," "B," and "C" batteries are composed of the correct number of cells connected in series or parallel to produce the required voltage and current for each. The leads from each battery are connected to the proper contact clips on the energizer cover. Other wires pass directly through the energizer from the contacts on the cover to those on the bottom, and serve to connect the squib and safety switches in the rear fitting to the rest of the electrical circuit.
A short energizer was developed for use in the small compact fuzes used in the 3"/50 projectile, and for use in the spin rocket fuze where employment, of a spin breaker was necessary.
In the short energizer, shown in figure 2, the battery plates are smaller and of different material and are arranged in banks parallel to the longitudinal axis of the energizer. The fundamental operation of this energizer is identical to the longer model.
按照美海军部军需处“近炸引信使用手册”的介绍，电池组件内包含A、B、C三组电池，各由数目不等的小单元组成，以串、并联方式获得驱动电路所需的电压和电流。
Canada supplied the design for a dependable power supply, which had to have long storage life but produce instant power to the little radio transmitter as the shell left the gun.
Regular tiny batteries, with their limited shelf life, were useless, but scientists at the National Research Council in Ottawa, working with industrial scientists in Toronto, produced the answer: a battery that would remain dormant until activated by acid from a tiny vial broken within the fuse by the shocking wham of the propellant charge sending the shell on its way.
Blackburn, George G. Where The Hell Are The Guns? (McClelland & Stewart, Inc., Toronto, ON, 1997) ISBN 0771015046 Appendix J
The device described in the WWII patent works as follows: The shell contains a micro-transmitter which uses the shell body as an antenna and emits a continuous wave of roughly 180–220 MHz.
As the shell approaches a reflecting object, an interference pattern is created. This pattern changes with shrinking distance: every half wavelength in distance (a half wavelength at this frequency is about 0.7 meters), the transmitter is in or out of resonance. This causes a small oscillation of the radiated power and consequently the oscillator supply current of about 200–800 Hz, the Doppler frequency.
This signal is sent through a band pass filter,amplified, and triggers the detonation when it exceeds a given amplitude.
二战前的石油产量，美国占50—60%，苏联占30——40%。
就能源来说，美苏占了大头。嘿嘿！