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BATTERY ROADMAP FOR WIDESPREAD ADOPTION

我们做到了什么？

Where are we today?

Price/Performance: $1,000 / kWh (Boston Consulting Group, 2010)

Lifetime: 10 years of usage (U.S. DoE)

Range: 100 miles (Nissan LEAF)

Temperature Impact: 50% hit at 32°F, 70% hit at 14°F (Idaho National Laboratory, 2009)

Charge Time: 20 minutes at a station with a next generation fast charger

差距在哪里？

Where do we need to get to?

Price/Performance: $250 / kWh (cost would then be similar to today’s costs, USABC)

Lifetime: 15 years of usage (USABC)

Range: 300 miles (400 miles is the average range today)

Temperature Impact: 0% hit at 32°F, 0% hit at 14°F (ICEs have no temperature hit)

Charge Time: 5 minutes at a station (ICEs fill in around 5 minutes)

差距原因分析，怎么办？

How do we get there?

The difficulty is in hitting all the targets with one battery system. Some batteries have the lifetime and some have the temperature insensitivity but none have all 5 key performance capabilities. The goals above are for widespread adoption, which we just don’t see happening with the current battery chemistries.

We believe that payback times (in the next section) of less than one year are the key to any adoption.