主题：【原创】美国视角1: 中国在朝鲜战争中的角色 -- 爱吃肉的兔子

接上文。摘自“朝鲜战争:中国的介入" by Harry M. Crocker.作者是美军上士,就职于路易斯安娜州第二装甲步兵团情报分析部门.上士对美国空军和中国的后勤补给有很具体的分析，对中国军队的评估和弱点分析对今天的中国军队和美国军人都是有借鉴意义的。

原文很长，我这里直接给出我的节选翻译和评论：

1。美国空军对中国军队的打击评估（注：看到这里确实体会到落后就要挨打的窝囊，志愿军的渗透穿插包围战术非常有杀伤力，但火力和后勤不足，空军力量的落后，极大地限制了这些中国儿女最优秀代表的战果。正因为如此，通过美方的视角，才能深深体会到新中国的儿女们是多么勇敢和富有智慧。）

Throughout these offensive operations in Korea, the Chinese were plagued by UNC air

power. UNC air strikes proved extremely effective at inflicting casualties on the CPVF. On December 30, 1950, a UNC air raid reduced two regiments of the Chinese 1st Artillery Division to twenty-four guns when it caught them in movement. 228 During the 3rd offensive, Hong Xuezhi also reported to Zhou Enlai that the CPVF had, suffered extremely heavy losses to enemy air raids.

在朝鲜战场上，中国军队的所有攻击作战饱受美国空军的阻挠并深受其害。美国空军对中国军队的杀伤特别有效。比如说，1950年12月30日，美国空军的一次突然袭击毁灭了运动中的中国军队第一炮兵师两个炮兵团，后者只有24门大炮幸存下来。在中国军队的第三次战役中，洪学智向周恩来总理报告说：由于美国的空袭，中国军队遭受了非常惨重的损失。

UNC air strikes also succeeded in crippling the CPVFs logistical support of its combat

formations. During the 4th offensive, the UNC had reduced the CPVFs material re-supply by

60-70 percent. By April 1951, the CPVF supply lines, which had achieved a length of 300-400

kilometers, suffered continual disruption and CPVF engineers were unable to keep the Yalu

River bridges operational due to UNC air strikes. UNC air raids also caused CPVF supply units to lose contact with the combat formations and further delayed the delivery of much-needed supplies. Though the Chinese expanded their air forces in response, they were unable to project this air power to the forward battle areas. The same UNC air strikes, which impeded the resupply of CPVF combat formations, rendered the Chinese incapable of supplying fuel and ammunition to forward air bases in quantities sufficient to support forward basing of their fighter aircraft. As a result, they were forced to remain in the rear, where they could not provide effective air cover.

美国空军的袭击也成功的破坏了中国军队战斗集群的后勤网络。在中国军队的第四次战役中，由于美国空军的打击，中国军队的后勤补给下降了60-70%。到1951年四月，中国军队的后勤补给线，延伸到300-400公里，（由于美国空军的攻击），遭受了持续性的毁坏，中国军队的工程兵一直无法修复鸭绿江大桥。美国空军的空袭导致中国军队的后勤单位无法供给前线部队，尤其延误了前线急需的补给。尽管中国相应延伸了中国空军的活动范围，但却无法投射到前线战斗区域。美国空军，不仅阻止了中国军队战斗单位的后勤补给，也限制了中国空军的油料和弹药补给向前线输送。结果是，中国空军不得不呆在后方，从而无法给前线中国军队提供掩护。

Reduced supply had a concomitant effect on combat operations. Not only did CPVF

units find it impossible to sustain their offensive operations without rations, but they also suffered grievous casualties due to exposure to the elements. The effects of the CPVFs inability to provide adequate winter clothing reached critical proportions during the 3rd offensive. Cold weather injuries rendered the entire Chinese 586th Infantry Regiment (196th Infantry Division)

combat ineffective. The 116th Infantry Division suffered over 2,000 casualties to exposure.

Many other regiments and battalions also reported they were combat ineffective and some

divisions reported that the extreme cold had reduced them to 50 percent strength. The

resulting losses to exposure, and the Chinese failure to provide replacements in a timely manner, greatly extended the time required for the reconstitution of CPVF combat formations. This proved to have an increasingly detrimental impact on Chinese operations as the war dragged on.

补给的下降直接影响到了作战能力。中国军队各单位发现没有给养，他们不但无法持续进攻作战，也因此遭受巨大的非战斗伤亡。由于没有冬季服装，在中国军队的第三次作战中，严寒的杀伤效应及其严重。这直接导致中国军队196步兵师的586团失去了作战效能。116步兵师由于缺乏冬装损失高达2000余人。很多中国军队的师团报告说他们没有办法战斗，有的单位损失高达50%。严寒导致的非战斗伤亡和前线部队无法按时替换，都严重延误了前线部队的战斗力恢复。随着战争的持续，这对中国军队作战行动的破坏越来越严重。

待续，大概要给个下补全。

• 【原创】美国视角1: 中国在朝鲜战争中的角色